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1 ÓGNA
* * *(að), v.1) to threaten, with dat. (þér hafit öðrum ógnat); with double dat., ógna e-m e-u, to threaten one with a thing (eldrinn ógnaði bráðum bruna allri hans eign);2) refl., ógnast e-t, to fear, stand aghast at a thing.* * *að, [Ulf. ôgan = φοβεισθαι; cp. Icel. agi = awe, A. S. ôga, which point to an obsolete strong verb, aga, óg]:—to threaten, with dat.; þér hafit öðrum ógnat, Fms. ii. 266; hann fékk eigi fyrr en hann ógnaði honum til, Sd. 142; hann ógnaði þeim, Fms. x. 217.2. with a double dat,; ógna e-m e-u, to threaten one with a thing; ógna e-m dauða, Stj. 35; ógna e-m hegningu, 47; þú ógnar oss Guði þínu, er blint er ok dauft, Ó. H. 109; ógnaði bráðum bruna allri hans eign, Fms. ii. 236.3. ógna, to be afraid, Al. 34.II. reflex, to be overawed; ógnask ok skelfask, Hom. 143; ógnask e-t, to fear, stand aghast at a thing, 144; hann ógnask mjök at höggva til hans, O. H. L. 3. -
2 hœta
(-tta, -tt), v. to threaten; h. e-m e-u, to threaten one with a thing (hœtti honum dauða). -
3 heitast
(að), v. refl. to make threats, to speak threateningly (aldrei heitaðist hann við úvini sina); heitast til e-s, to use threats to obtain a thing; heitast at gera e-t, to threaten to do a thing. -
4 do
{du:}
I. 1. v (did, done л. ед. ч. сег. вр. does, ост. doth, doeth, 2 л. ед. ч. сег. вр. ост. dost, 2 л. ед. ч. мин. вр. ост. didst) правя, върша, извършвам, изпълнявам, занимавам се с
to DO well/brilliantly at something справям се с/изкарвам нещо добре/блестящо
to DO one's military service служа/изкарвам военната си служба
to DO one's hair правя си косата/прическа, сресвам се
it isn't done това не е прието/позволено, така не бива (да се прави)
it's quite commonly done това е нещо обикновено, така правят всички
it's as good as done речено-сторено, все едно, че е направено, дадено
it gives me something to DO това ми създава занимание, запълва ми времето
what is to be done? какво да се прави? it cannot be done невъзможно е
she did nothing but sleep тя само спеше
what can I DO for you? с какво мога да ви услужа/да ви бъда полезен? какво обичате?
2. причинявам, правя
to DO someone good/harm полезен/вреден съм за някого, уча, следвам, решавам (задачи), занимавам се с
to DO one's lessons уча си уроците
to DO medicine/engineering следвам/уча медицина/инженерство
to DO sums решавам задачи
to DO repairs занимавам се с поправки, разтребвам, оправям, подреждам, почиствам, боядисвам, мия, измивам
to DO a room разтребвам/боядисвам стая
to DO the dishes мия/измивам чиниите
3. излежавам (наказание в затвора)
4. развивам (скорост)
5. поставям (пиеса и пр.), играя (роля), правя се на
to DO a Garbo правя се на Грета Гарбо, държа се като че ли съм Грета Гарбо
to DO the affable правя се на много любезен
6. оказвам, отдавам (вж. credit. favour, justice, service)
7. разглеждам, посещавам (град, музей и пр.)
8. готвя, пека
9. храня, угощавам
to DO oneself well угаждам си
they DO you well at this hotel в този хотел хранят добре
how much DO they DO you for? колко ви струва храната
10. разг. измамвам, изигравам
I'm afraid you've been done страхувам се, че са те измамили/метнали
to DO someone out of задигам някому, изигравам някого с (дадена сума)
to DO someone in the eye, to DO someone brown sl. жестоко измамвам някого
to DO someone out of a job измествам някого от работа
11. подхождам, подобавам, приличам
this sort of work won't DO for him този вид работа не e за него
that won't DO, that will never DO това e немислимо, така не може
will I DO? добре ли съм така? аз мога ли да свърша тази работа? аз подходящ ли съм? that will DO достатъчно, стига, това е подходящо/удобно, това ще свърши работа
it won't DO to tell him now не може/не бива да му казваме сега
12. чувствувам се, карам я, вирея, преуспявам (обик. с наречия)
the patient is DO ing well болният e добре/върви към подобрение
we're DOing pretty well доста добре сме, добре я караме
he will DO well (for himself) ще успее (в живота), ще се нареди, ще прокопса
how DO you DO здравейте! добър ден! this plant won't DO in such soil това растение няма да вирее в такава почва
he did well out of the bargain той спечели добри пари от сделката
13. sl. преследвам съдебно, осъждам
14. sl. имам полови връзки с
15. в перфектни форми свършвам
one more question and I am done още един въпрос и свършвам
let's have done with it хайде да оставим това, стига вече по този въпрос
haven't you done eating yet? още ли не сте свършили с яденето? be/have done хайде свършвай! стига! done! готово! съгласен съм! дай ръка
16. за заместване на друг глагол, за да се избегне повторение-често не се превежда
I replied as others had done отговорих, както бяха сторили и други
he said he would go and he did каза, че ще отиде и отиде
why act as you DO? защо постъпваш така? may I use your telephone? -please, DO мога ли да използувам телефона ви? да, моля, да, разбира се
17. като спомагателен глагол в отр. и въпр. форма и при инверсия-не се превежда
DO you like fish? обичате ли риба? he didn't see me той не ме видя
don't tell him не му казвай
he didn't tell you, did he? той не ти каза, нали? don't! недей! остави! well DO I remember the day добре си спомням деня
18. за усилване наистина, действително, моля (ви се)
I did like it наистина ми хареса
DO sit down моля, седнете
19. пред гл. в положителна форма, юр., ост. не се превежда
charged that he did threaten to... обвинен в това, че заплашил да...
all the earth doth worship the Lord цялата вселена слави бога
to DO one's thing върша каквото ми e приятно
to DO or die да победя или да умра, победа или смърт
that's done it това вече препълни чашата, и това на всичко отгоре
nothing DOing тая няма да я бъде/да стане, няма го майстора, такива да ги нямаме
II. 1. нещо, работа
2. sl. измама, мошеничество, разг. гости, прием, вечеринка, банкет, събитие
рl дял, участие
fair dos! ще делим по равно
3. нареждане, заповед
DOs and dont's правила за държане, позволеното и непозволеното
III. n муз. до
IV. вж. ditto* * *{du:} v (did {did}, done {d^n} л. ед. ч. сег. вр. does {d^z}(2) {du:} n (pl dos, do's) 1. нещо, работа; 2. sl. измама, мошенич{3} {dou} n муз. до.{4} {du:} вж. ditto.* * *чиня; Я; ставам; третиране; третирам; свършвам; отнасяне; правя; правене; вършене; работя; задоволявам се; завършвам;* * *1. 1 sl. имам полови връзки с 2. 1 sl. преследвам съдебно, осъждам 3. 1 в перфектни форми свършвам 4. 1 за заместване на друг глагол, за да се избегне повторение-често не се превежда 5. 1 за усилване наистина, действително, моля (ви се) 6. 1 като спомагателен глагол в отр. и въпр. форма и при инверсия-не се превежда 7. 1 подхождам, подобавам, приличам 8. 1 пред гл. в положителна форма, юр., ост. не се превежда 9. 1 чувствувам се, карам я, вирея, преуспявам (обик. с наречия) 10. all the earth doth worship the lord цялата вселена слави бога 11. charged that he did threaten to... обвинен в това, че заплашил да.. 12. do sit down моля, седнете 13. do you like fish? обичате ли риба? he didn't see me той не ме видя 14. don't tell him не му казвай 15. dos and dont's правила за държане, позволеното и непозволеното 16. fair dos! ще делим по равно 17. haven't you done eating yet? още ли не сте свършили с яденето? be/have done хайде свършвай! стига! done! готово! съгласен съм! дай ръка 18. he did well out of the bargain той спечели добри пари от сделката 19. he didn't tell you, did he? той не ти каза, нали? don't! недей! остави! well do i remember the day добре си спомням деня 20. he said he would go and he did каза, че ще отиде и отиде 21. he will do well (for himself) ще успее (в живота), ще се нареди, ще прокопса 22. how do you do здравейте! добър ден! this plant won't do in such soil това растение няма да вирее в такава почва 23. how much do they do you for? колко ви струва храната 24. i did like it наистина ми хареса 25. i replied as others had done отговорих, както бяха сторили и други 26. i'm afraid you've been done страхувам се, че са те измамили/метнали 27. i. v (did, done л. ед. ч. сег. вр. does, ост. doth, doeth, 2 л. ед. ч. сег. вр. ост. dost, 2 л. ед. ч. мин. вр. ост. didst) правя, върша, извършвам, изпълнявам, занимавам се с 28. ii. нещо, работа 29. iii. n муз. до 30. it gives me something to do това ми създава занимание, запълва ми времето 31. it isn't done това не е прието/позволено, така не бива (да се прави) 32. it won't do to tell him now не може/не бива да му казваме сега 33. it's as good as done речено-сторено, все едно, че е направено, дадено 34. it's quite commonly done това е нещо обикновено, така правят всички 35. iv. вж. ditto 36. let's have done with it хайде да оставим това, стига вече по този въпрос 37. nothing doing тая няма да я бъде/да стане, няма го майстора, такива да ги нямаме 38. one more question and i am done още един въпрос и свършвам 39. pl дял, участие 40. she did nothing but sleep тя само спеше 41. sl. измама, мошеничество, разг. гости, прием, вечеринка, банкет, събитие 42. that won't do, that will never do това e немислимо, така не може 43. that's done it това вече препълни чашата, и това на всичко отгоре 44. the patient is do ing well болният e добре/върви към подобрение 45. they do you well at this hotel в този хотел хранят добре 46. this sort of work won't do for him този вид работа не e за него 47. to do a garbo правя се на Грета Гарбо, държа се като че ли съм Грета Гарбо 48. to do a room разтребвам/боядисвам стая 49. to do medicine/engineering следвам/уча медицина/инженерство 50. to do one's hair правя си косата/прическа, сресвам се 51. to do one's lessons уча си уроците 52. to do one's military service служа/изкарвам военната си служба 53. to do one's thing върша каквото ми e приятно 54. to do oneself well угаждам си 55. to do or die да победя или да умра, победа или смърт 56. to do repairs занимавам се с поправки, разтребвам, оправям, подреждам, почиствам, боядисвам, мия, измивам 57. to do someone good/harm полезен/вреден съм за някого, уча, следвам, решавам (задачи), занимавам се с 58. to do someone in the eye, to do someone brown sl. жестоко измамвам някого 59. to do someone out of a job измествам някого от работа 60. to do someone out of задигам някому, изигравам някого с (дадена сума) 61. to do sums решавам задачи 62. to do the affable правя се на много любезен 63. to do the dishes мия/измивам чиниите 64. to do well/brilliantly at something справям се с/изкарвам нещо добре/блестящо 65. we're doing pretty well доста добре сме, добре я караме 66. what can i do for you? с какво мога да ви услужа/да ви бъда полезен? какво обичате? 67. what is to be done? какво да се прави? it cannot be done невъзможно е 68. why act as you do? защо постъпваш така? may i use your telephone? -please, do мога ли да използувам телефона ви? да, моля, да, разбира се 69. will i do? добре ли съм така? аз мога ли да свърша тази работа? аз подходящ ли съм? that will do достатъчно, стига, това е подходящо/удобно, това ще свърши работа 70. готвя, пека 71. излежавам (наказание в затвора) 72. нареждане, заповед 73. оказвам, отдавам (вж. credit. favour, justice, service) 74. поставям (пиеса и пр.), играя (роля), правя се на 75. причинявам, правя 76. развивам (скорост) 77. разг. измамвам, изигравам 78. разглеждам, посещавам (град, музей и пр.) 79. храня, угощавам* * *do [du:] I. v ( did [did]; done[dʌn]) 1. правя, върша, извършвам, свършвам, изпълнявам; занимавам се с; to \do o.'s military service отбивам военната си служба; to \do a portrait правя (рисувам) портрет; to \do the garden заемам се с градината; почиствам градината; to do o.'s hair вчесвам се, сресвам се; правя си прическа; this restaurant doesn't \do lunch on Sundays в този ресторант не предлагат обяд в неделя; it isn't done това не е позволено (обичайно); така не бива; that's done it това вече преля чашата, и това на всичко отгоре; it is as good as done речено-сторено; все едно, че е направено; дадено; имай го за свършено; it gives me s.th. to \do това ми създава занимавка; това ми запълва времето; what is to be done? какво да се прави? there is nothing to be done няма какво да се прави, не остава нищо друго; she did nothing but cry тя само плачеше; by so \doing по този начин; what ( how) \do you \do for bread? как се снабдявате с хляб? как стои при вас въпросът с хляба? I had much to \do in (с ger) не ми беше лесно да; \do what you will каквото и да правиш; to \do or die да победя или да умра; победа или смърт; \do-or-die air крайна (пълна) решимост; • when at Rome \do as the Romans \do с вълците - по вълчи; когато си в Рим, постъпвай така, както постъпват римляните; to \do o.' s own thing постъпвам типично в свой стил; върша това, което ми приляга (харесва); I could \do with a cup of coffee няма да ми се отрази зле едно кафе, не бих имал нищо против едно кафе; well done! браво! отлично! there is nothing \doing нищо не става; мъртвило е; nothing \doing! нищо не става! няма го майстора! да ги нямаме такива! такива не минават! nothing \doing under a thousand leva и пръста си не мърдам за по-малко от хиляда лева, не може да става дума за по-малко от хиляда лева; ( meat) well done добре опечено (месо); done ( to a turn) много добре опечено; to \do o.' s nut разг. побеснявам; избухвам; 2. причинявам, правя; to \do o.'s good полезен съм; 3. оказвам; to \do s.o. a favour правя някому услуга; 4. разглеждам; посещавам; to \do a picture gallery разглеждам картинна галерия; 5. угощавам, храня; отнасям се към; to \do o.s. well угаждам си; 6. стигам; достатъчен съм; върша работа; the meat won't \do for the two of us месото няма да стигне и за двама ни; 7. решавам, разрешавам (проблем, задача); 8. уча, следвам; 9. играя ( роля); представям ( пиеса); 10. движа се (с дадена скорост); вървя (за автомобил); this car will \do 120 mph тази кола вдига 120 мили в час; 11. извървявам, изминавам (разстояние); 12. изтощавам; измарям; 13. разг. измамвам, подхлъзвам, прекарвам, прецаквам, изигравам, излъгвам; I think you have been done мисля, че са те метнали (изиграли); to \do s.o. out of a job измествам някого от работата му; 14. подхождам, подобавам, приличам; that won't \do here на такова нещо не му е мястото тук; that will never \do това е немислимо (непоносимо); така не може; will I \do? добре ли съм така? that will \do достатъчно, стига; това е подходящо (удобно); it won't \do to play all day long не може да се играе цял ден; 15. чувствам се добре; справям се; поправям се; преуспявам; the patient is \doing well болният върви към подобрение; he is a lad who will \do well той е едно момче, което ще успее в живота, това момче има добро бъдеще; how \do you \do! здравей!; здрасти! trees will not \do in this soil дървета не могат да растат на такава почва; 16. (в перфектни форми) свършвам, приключвам, завършвам; one more question and I am done още един въпрос и свършвам; be more precise or we shall never have done бъди по-конкретен (точен), иначе никога няма да свършим; let us have done with it нека да свършим с това; нека да оставим това; haven't you done eating yet? още не си ли се наял? не си ли свършил вече с яденето? be done! хайде свършвай! done! готово! съгласен! дай ръка! (при пазарлък и пр.); 17. (за заместване на друг глагол с оглед да се избегне повторение) I replied as others have done отговорих, както бяха сторили и други хора; why act as you \do? защо действаш така? the church can be seen from afar, standing as it does on the cliff църквата може да се види отдалеч там горе на скалите; May I open these letters? Please \do! мога ли да отворя тези писма? - да, разбира се! they have always existed and \do so still те винаги са съществували и продължават да съществуват; 18. (като спомагателен глагол в отрицателни и въпросителни форми) he did not see me той не ме видя; did he not ( didn't he) see me? той не ме ли видя? \do not speak! не говори! \do you mind? имаш ли нещо против? (\do) you see? виждате (виждаш) ли? нали така? I like coffee, \do you? обичам кафе, а ти? you like him, don't you? ти го обичаш нали? don't! недей! остави! стига! 19. (за усилване) he threatened to go and he did go ( and go he did) той се закани, че ще отиде, и действително отиде; 20. (в юридически и църковен стил) all them earth doth worship Thee цялата вселена Те слави; charged that he did on the 11th of February utter threats обвинен в това, че на 11 февруари е произнесъл закани; 21. sl арестувам; 22. sl намирам за виновен в престъпление; 23. австр. разг. губя пари главоломно; банкрутирам; изчерпвам (ресурси, пари); 24. sl млатя; малтретирам; нападам; 25. sl друсам се, вземам наркотик; 26. имитирам; he can \do all his friends той може да имитира всичките си приятели; II. n разг. 1. нещо, работа; 2. правене, вършене; the \do's and \do nots of society позволеното и непозволеното в обществото; 3. отнасяне, третиране; отношение; 4. измама, мошеничество; 5. приемане гости, посрещане, прием; вечеринка; банкет; 6. шег. събитие; 7. pl участие; дял; 8. разпореждане, нареждане; заповед; 9. австр. sl успех. III. [dou] n муз. до. -
5 HEITA
I)(heit; hét, hétum; heitinn), v.Grímni mik hétu, they called me G.;heitinn eptir e-m, called (named) after one;2) to call on one;heita e-n á brott, to call on one to be gone, bid one go (heitit mik héðan);heita á e-n, to exhort one (in battle);to invoke (heita á hinn heilaga Ólaf);heita á e-n til e-s, to invoke (appeal to) one for a thing (hann hét á Þór til fulltings);3) intrans., the pres. ‘heiti’ (not ‘heit’), to be hight, be called;Óðinn ek, nú heiti, now I am called Odin;Ólafr heiti ek, my name is O.;Úlfr hét maðr, there was a man, whose name was U.;bœr heitir á Bakka (at búrfelli), there is a farm called B.;heita (to be reckoned) frjáls maðr, hvers manns níðingr;4) with dat. to promise (heita e-m e-u);mantu, hverju þú hézt mér, do you remember what you promised me?heita e-m hörðu, to threaten one;Bárði var heitit meyjunni, the maid was promised to B.;5) refl., heitast, to vow, plight one’s faith (þeir hétust reka Hákon ór landi);heitast e-m, to vow one’s person to one (heitast hinum heilaga Ólafi konungi);(heitta, heittr), v.1) to heat (heita spjót í eldi);2) to brew (heita mungát, heita öl).f. brewing (cf. ölheita).* * *pres. heit, heitr, and in A. II. heiti, heitir (bisyllabic), in mod. usage heiti through all significations; pret. hét, hétu, 2nd pers. hézt; part. heitinn.A. [Ulf. haitan = καλειν; A. S. hâtan; Old Engl. hight, pret. hot; O. H. G. haizan; Germ. heissen; Swed. heta; Dan. hede]:I. trans. with acc. to call, give name to; hve þik hétu hjú? Fsm. 47; Urð hétu eina, Vsp. 20; Heiði hana hétu, 25; Grímni mik hétu, Gm. 49; hve þik heitir halr, Hkv. Hjörv. 14; Hnikar hétu mik, Skv. 2. 18; hétu Þræl, Rm. 8; hétu Erna (Ernu?), 36: the naming of infants was in the heathen age accompanied by a kind of baptism (ausa vatni), vide ausa, p. 35.2. metaph. to call on one; in the phrase, heita e-n á brott, to turn one out, call on one to be gone; þá er maðr á brott heitinn ef honum er eigi deildr matr at málum, Grág. i. 149; Vermundr hét hann á brott ok kvað hann eigi þar lengr vera skyldu, Sturl. ii. 230; so also, ef bóndi heitr griðmann sinn af vist foráttalaust, Grág. i. 157; eða heitið mik héðan, Ls. 7; ek var heitinn út ( turned out) fjórum sinnum, Sighvat:—with prep., heita á e-n, to call upon one (for help); hón hét á konur at skilja þá, Landn. 49: to exhort one (in battle), hét á Hólmrygi, Hkm. 2; Úlfr hét á oss, Hkr. iii. (in a verse); Gísli spratt upp skjótt ok heitr á menn sína, at skýli, Gísl. 22: to invoke one (a god, saint), hann trúði á Krist, en hét á Þór til sjófara ok harðræða, Landn. 206; hann heitr nú á fulltrúa sína Þorgerði ok Irpu, Fb. i. 213; ef ek heit á guð minn, Mar.; á Guð skal heita til góðra hluta, Sól. 4.3. part. pass. hight, called; sú gjöf var heitin gulli betri, Ad. 9; löskr mun hann æ heitinn, Am. 57, Fms. vi. 39 (in a verse); sá maðr mun eigi ílla heitinn ( will not get a bad report) í atferð sinni, Sks. 55 new Ed.β. heitinn, the late, of one dead; eptir Odd heitinn föður sinn, Dipl. iv. 13; Salgerðr h., the late S., Vm. 37: very freq. in mod. usage, hann Jón heitinn, hún Guðrún heitin, etc.II. absol. or intrans., in which case pres. bisyllabic heiti (not heit), to be hight, be called, as in Goth. the pass. of haitan; Andvari ek heiti, A. am í hight, Skv. 2. 2; Ólafr heiti ek, Fms. x. 226; ek heiti Ari, Íb. (fine); Jósu vatni, Jarl létu heita, Rm. 31; Óðinn ek nú heiti, Yggr ek áðan hét, Gm. 54; Gangráðr ek heiti, Vþm. 8; Ask veit ek standa, heitir Yggdrasill, Vsp. 19: esp. freq. in an hist. style in introducing a person for the first time, Mörðr hét maðr, hann átti dóttur eina er Unnr hét, móðir hennar hét Þorgerðr, Rútr hét bróðir hans, Nj. 1, 2; þau áttu eptir dóttur er Þuríðr hét, hinn elzti son Bjarnar hét Grímkell, Ísl. ii. 4; Oddr hét maðr, son Önundar breiðskeggs, hann átti þá konu er Jórunn hét; annarr son þeirra hét Þóroddr en annarr Þorvaldr, Þuriðr hét dóttir Odds en önnur Jófriðr, 121, 122; Þorsteinn hét maðr, hann var Egilsson, en Ásgerðr hét móðir Þorsteins, 189; þau gátu son, ok var vatni ausinn ok hét Þórólfr, 146, etc.; and in endless instances answering to Engl. there was a man, and his name was ( he was hight) so and so. The ancients said, hve (or hversu) heitir þú, ‘how’ art thou named? Germ. wie heisst du? thus, hve þú heitir? hve þik kalla konir? answer, Atli ek heiti, and hve þú heitir, hála nágráðug? Hrímgerðr ek heiti, Hkv. Hjörv. 14–17; hve sú jörð heitir, hve sá himinn heitir, hversu máni heitir, hve sjá sól heitir, etc., Alm. 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, Vþm. 11, 13, 15, 17; the northern Icelanders still say, hvers’ (i. e. hversu) heitir maðrinn, sælir verið þér, hvörs’ heitir maðrinn? answer, Hrólfr heitir hann, Asgrímsson að norðan, Sig. Pétr. in Hrólfr (a play), p. 4: in mod. usage, hvat ( what) heitir þú? hvað heitir þú? Eg heiti Jón, Stef. Ól.: the same phrase occurs now and then in old writers, hvat heitir bær sjá? Ld. 234; hvat heitir hón? Helga heitir hón, Ísl. ii. 201 (Cod. Holm. hvart = hversu?): as also in the poem Fsm. (but only preserved in paper MSS.) 9, 11, 13, 19, 23, 31, 35, 37; but hve, 46, 47.β. of places, often with dat. and prep. of the place; á þeim bæ er á Brjámslæk heitir, Bs. i. 379; land pat er í Hvammi heitir, Gísl. 121; bær hans hét á Stokkum, Fb. iii. 324; á þeim bæ er at Hóli heitir, Hrafn. 5; ok því heitir þat síðan í Geitdal, 3; bær heitir á Bakka, á Meðalhúsum, at Búrfelli, á Auðúlfsstöðum, at Svínavatni, í Vestrhópi, í Sléttadal, Ísl. ii. 322–325.2. to be called, reckoned so and so; þá heitir hón sönn at sök, then she stands convicted, N. G. L. i. 351; þú skalt frá þessum degi frjáls maðr heita, Ld. 50; heit hvers manns níðingr ella, Nj. 176; heldr en h. kotkarl, eigi er þat nafn fyrir-lítanda, at heita húskarlar konungs, Sks. 270; sá er vill heitinn horskr, Hm. 61.3. reflex., hétomc, to name oneself or to be called; hétomc Grímnir, hétomc Gangleri, einu nafni hétomc aldregi, hétomc Þundr fyrir þat, Gm. 46, 48, 54.B. With dat., [cp. Goth. fauraga heitan; A. S. hâtan, pret. het; Germ. verheissen]:—to promise, with dat. both of the person and thing, or the thing in infin., or absol.; heita hörðu, to threaten, Am. 78; h. góðu, Sól.; h. bölvi, Hdl. 49; afarkostum, Fms. i. 75; hann heitr þeim þar í mót fornum lögum, Ó. H. 35; engu heit ek um þat, 167; mantú nokkut hverju þú hézt mér í fyrra, Anal. 190; at lítið mark sé at, hverju þú heitr, Fms. vii. 120; fyrir þau hin fögru fyrirheit er þú hézt þeim manni, er bana-maðr hans yrði—þat skal ek efna sem ek hét þar um, i. 217; kom Þorsteinn þar, sem hann hafði heitið, as he had promised, 72; þú munt göra okkr slíka sæmd sem þú hefir heitið, Nj. 5; Njáll hét at fara, 49.II. to make a vow, the vow in dat., the god or person invoked with prep. and acc. (h. á e-n), cp. A. above; þat sýndisk mönnum ráð á samkomunni, at h. til verðr-bata, en um þat urðu menn varla ásáttir hverju heita skyldi, vill Ljótr því láta h. at gefa til hofs, en bera út börn en drepa gamal-menni, Rd. 248; þá heitr Ingimundr prestr at bóka-kista hans skyldi á land koma ok bækr, Bs. i. 424; ok skyldu menn taka at heita, þeir hétu at gefa …, 483; hét Haraldr því til sigrs sér, at hann skyldi taka skírn, Fms. i. 107; eptir þat hét hón miklum fégjöfum á hinn helga Jón biskup, Bs. i. 201 and passim, esp. in the Miracle-books.III. reflex. and pass. to plight oneself, be betrothed; þá sá hón þat at ráði ok með henni vinir hennar at heitask Þórólfi, Eg. 36; þeim hétumk þá þjóðkonungi, Skv. 3. 36: to betroth, varkat ek heima þá er (hón) þér heitin var, when she (the bride) was given to thee, Alm. 4; kom svá, at Bárði var heitið meyjunni, that the maid was betrothed to B., Eg. 26.2. to vow, plight one’s faith; þeir hétusk reka Hákon ór landi, Jd.: to vow one’s person to one, at hann heitisk hinum heilaga Ólafi konungi, Hkr. iii. 288: to bind oneself, þá menn er honum höfðu heitisk til föruneytis, Fms. vii. 204. -
6 immineo
immĭnĕo ( inm-), ēre, v. n. [in-mineo], to project over or towards a thing, to bend or lean towards, to hang down over, overhang (syn. impendeo).I.Lit. (mostly poet.):B. 1.collis plurimus urbi Imminet,
commands, Verg. A. 1, 420; cf.:imminens prope ipsis moenibus tumulus,
Liv. 29, 35, 7:imminens villae tua pinus esto,
Hor. C. 3, 22, 5:candida populus antro Imminet,
Verg. E. 9, 41:aër his,
Ov. M. 1, 52:caelumque quod imminet orbi,
id. ib. 2, 7:scopulus aequoribus,
id. ib. 4, 525:apex collis subjectis arvis,
id. ib. 7, 779:nemus desuper,
Verg. A. 1, 165:arbos,
Ov. M. 4, 459:imminet e celsis audentius improba muris Virgo,
Val. Fl. 6, 681; Quint. 11, 3, 130:choros ducit Venus imminente luna,
shining overhead, Hor. C. 1, 4, 5: cum ageretur togata, simulans, caterva tota clarissima concentione in ore impuri hominis imminens contionata est: Huic vitae tuae, etc., bending or turning towards, Cic. Sest. 55, 118; cf.:gestu omni imminenti,
bent towards him, id. de Or. 2, 55, 225.—In gen. (rare):2.imminet hic, sequiturque parem, similisque tenenti Non tenet,
Ov. M. 7, 785:tergo fugacis,
id. ib. 1, 542:carcer imminens foro,
adjoining, Liv. 1, 33, 8:imminentia muro aedificia,
id. 2, 33, 7.—In partic. (like impendere and instare), in an inimical sense, to threaten, menace, by nearness or commanding position (class.):II.nimis imminebat propter propinquitatem Aegina Piraeeo,
Cic. Off. 3, 11, 46; cf.:Carthago imminere jam fructuosissimis insulis populi Romani videbatur,
id. Agr. 2, 32, 87:certior sum factus, Parthos... Ciliciae magis imminere,
id. Att. 5, 20, 2:imminent duo reges toti Asiae,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:circum insulas Italiae inminentes,
Liv. 21, 49, 1:Mithridates Italiae quoque,
Vell. 2, 18, 4:Parthi Latio,
Hor. C. 1, 12, 53:Germaniae et Britanniae,
Suet. Calig. 19:bello subegit gentem rebus populi Romani imminentem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20:instabat agmen Caesaris atque universum imminebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 80 fin.:imbrium divina avis imminentŭm,
Hor. C. 3, 27, 10:turris ingens inminebat,
Liv. 21, 7, 7; 21, 11, 10:inminentes tumuli,
id. 3, 7, 2. —Trop. (class.).A.To strive eagerly ofter a thing, to be eager for, to long for, be intent upon:B.hujus mendicitas aviditate conjuncta in nostras fortunas imminebat,
Cic. Phil. 5, 7, 20; Liv. 30, 28, 9:in alterius ducis exercitusque opprimendi occasionem imminebat,
id. 25, 20, 5:huc imminet: om nes Dirigit huc sensus,
Verg. Cul. 89:alieno imminere,
Sen. Ep. 2 fin.:rebus,
Tac. A. 16, 14:quod imminere emptioni publicanos videbat,
Suet. Aug. 24:peritus rerum popularium imminensque ei potestati,
Liv. 3, 51, 9:spei majoris honoris,
id. 4, 25, 9:occasioni alloquendi regem,
Curt. 5, 11:exitio conjugis,
Ov. M. 1, 146:Verres avaritia semper hiante atque imminenti fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134.—Transf. (acc. to I. B.), to be near at hand, to impend.1.In gen.:2.sunt qui ea, quae quotidie imminent, non videant,
Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30:mors, quae propter incertos casus quotidie imminet,
id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91.—In partic., to threaten by nearness, to be imminent:periculum, quod imminere ipsi portenderetur,
Suet. Claud. 29:periculum ambobus,
id. Tit. 9:imminentes undique insidiae,
id. Caes. 86:discrimina undique,
id. Tib. 25:summum discrimen,
Quint. 8, 4, 22:bellum,
id. 12, 1, 43:taedio praesentium et imminentium metu,
Suet. Vit. 15. -
7 inmineo
immĭnĕo ( inm-), ēre, v. n. [in-mineo], to project over or towards a thing, to bend or lean towards, to hang down over, overhang (syn. impendeo).I.Lit. (mostly poet.):B. 1.collis plurimus urbi Imminet,
commands, Verg. A. 1, 420; cf.:imminens prope ipsis moenibus tumulus,
Liv. 29, 35, 7:imminens villae tua pinus esto,
Hor. C. 3, 22, 5:candida populus antro Imminet,
Verg. E. 9, 41:aër his,
Ov. M. 1, 52:caelumque quod imminet orbi,
id. ib. 2, 7:scopulus aequoribus,
id. ib. 4, 525:apex collis subjectis arvis,
id. ib. 7, 779:nemus desuper,
Verg. A. 1, 165:arbos,
Ov. M. 4, 459:imminet e celsis audentius improba muris Virgo,
Val. Fl. 6, 681; Quint. 11, 3, 130:choros ducit Venus imminente luna,
shining overhead, Hor. C. 1, 4, 5: cum ageretur togata, simulans, caterva tota clarissima concentione in ore impuri hominis imminens contionata est: Huic vitae tuae, etc., bending or turning towards, Cic. Sest. 55, 118; cf.:gestu omni imminenti,
bent towards him, id. de Or. 2, 55, 225.—In gen. (rare):2.imminet hic, sequiturque parem, similisque tenenti Non tenet,
Ov. M. 7, 785:tergo fugacis,
id. ib. 1, 542:carcer imminens foro,
adjoining, Liv. 1, 33, 8:imminentia muro aedificia,
id. 2, 33, 7.—In partic. (like impendere and instare), in an inimical sense, to threaten, menace, by nearness or commanding position (class.):II.nimis imminebat propter propinquitatem Aegina Piraeeo,
Cic. Off. 3, 11, 46; cf.:Carthago imminere jam fructuosissimis insulis populi Romani videbatur,
id. Agr. 2, 32, 87:certior sum factus, Parthos... Ciliciae magis imminere,
id. Att. 5, 20, 2:imminent duo reges toti Asiae,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:circum insulas Italiae inminentes,
Liv. 21, 49, 1:Mithridates Italiae quoque,
Vell. 2, 18, 4:Parthi Latio,
Hor. C. 1, 12, 53:Germaniae et Britanniae,
Suet. Calig. 19:bello subegit gentem rebus populi Romani imminentem,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20:instabat agmen Caesaris atque universum imminebat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 80 fin.:imbrium divina avis imminentŭm,
Hor. C. 3, 27, 10:turris ingens inminebat,
Liv. 21, 7, 7; 21, 11, 10:inminentes tumuli,
id. 3, 7, 2. —Trop. (class.).A.To strive eagerly ofter a thing, to be eager for, to long for, be intent upon:B.hujus mendicitas aviditate conjuncta in nostras fortunas imminebat,
Cic. Phil. 5, 7, 20; Liv. 30, 28, 9:in alterius ducis exercitusque opprimendi occasionem imminebat,
id. 25, 20, 5:huc imminet: om nes Dirigit huc sensus,
Verg. Cul. 89:alieno imminere,
Sen. Ep. 2 fin.:rebus,
Tac. A. 16, 14:quod imminere emptioni publicanos videbat,
Suet. Aug. 24:peritus rerum popularium imminensque ei potestati,
Liv. 3, 51, 9:spei majoris honoris,
id. 4, 25, 9:occasioni alloquendi regem,
Curt. 5, 11:exitio conjugis,
Ov. M. 1, 146:Verres avaritia semper hiante atque imminenti fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134.—Transf. (acc. to I. B.), to be near at hand, to impend.1.In gen.:2.sunt qui ea, quae quotidie imminent, non videant,
Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30:mors, quae propter incertos casus quotidie imminet,
id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91.—In partic., to threaten by nearness, to be imminent:periculum, quod imminere ipsi portenderetur,
Suet. Claud. 29:periculum ambobus,
id. Tit. 9:imminentes undique insidiae,
id. Caes. 86:discrimina undique,
id. Tib. 25:summum discrimen,
Quint. 8, 4, 22:bellum,
id. 12, 1, 43:taedio praesentium et imminentium metu,
Suet. Vit. 15. -
8 HAFA
* * *(hefi; hafða, höfðum; hafðr), v.1) to have (þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór);hafa elda, to keep up a five;2) to hold, celebrate (hafa vinaboð, blót, þing);3) to keep, retain (rifu þær vefinn í sundr, ok hafði hverr þat er hélt á);4) to use (tvau net eru rý, ok hafa eigi höfð verit);orð þau sem hann hafði um haft, which he had made use of;hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one;hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one;hafa tvimæli á e-u, to speak doubtfully of a thing;hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words;hann var mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in, lawsuits;5) to have, hold, maintain;hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one;hafa hættumikit, to run a great risk;hafa heilindi, to have good health;6) to bring, carry;hafa e-n heim með sér, to bring one home;hann hafði lög, út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway;hafa sik (to betake oneself) til annara landa;7) to take, carry off;troll hafi þik, the trolls take thee;8) to get, gain, win;hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep;hefir sá jafnan, er hættir, he wins that ventures;hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victor;hafa meira hlut, to get the upper hand, gain the day;hafa betr (verr), to get the better (worse) of it;hafa sitt mál, to win one’s suit;hafa tafl, to win the game;hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed;hafa bana, to suffer death, to die;hafa sigr, to be worsted;hafa góðar viðtökur, to be well received;hafa tíðindi af e-m, to get tidings of, or from, one;hafa sœmd, óvirðing af e-m, to get honour, disgrace from one;with gen., hafa e-s ekki, to fail to catch one (hann kemst á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki);ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we shall not catch him at present;9) to wear carry (clothes, weapons);hann hafði blán kyrtil, he wore a blue kirtle;hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand;10) to behave, do, or fare, so an so esp. with an adv.;hafa vel, illa, vetr, to behave (do) well, badly, be worse;hafa sik vel, to behave;hafa vel, to be well off or happy;hafa hart, to be in a wretched plight;11) with infin., hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping at selja, to have on sale;lög hafið þér at mæla, you are right;12) hafa e-n nær e-u, to expose one to (þú hafðir svá nær haft oss úfœru);hafa nær e-u, to come near to, esp. impers.;nær hafði okkr nú, it was a narrow escape;svá nær hafði hausinum, at, the shot so nearly touched the head, that;ok er nær hafði, skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of flloating;13) as an auxiliary verb, in the earliest time with the pp. of transitive verbs in acc.;hefir þú hamar um fólginn, hast thou hidden the hammer?;ek hefi sendan mann, I have sent a man;later with indecl. neut. pp.;hefir þú eigi sét mik, hast thou not seen me?;14) with preps.:hafa e-t at, to do, act;hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely;absol., viltu þess freista, ok vita hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see what happens?;hafa e-t at hlífiskildi (skotspœni), to use as a shield (as a target);hafa e-n háði, hlátri, to mock, laugh at;hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of;hafa sakir á e-n have charges against one;hafa á rás, to take to one’s heels, run off;hafa e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one;hafa e-t fram, to produce (vápn þorgils vóru fram höfð); to carry out, hold forth;hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit;var um búit, ekki fram haft, all was made ready but nothing done;hafa e-t frammi, í frammi, to use, make use of (hafa í frammi kúgan);ok öll lögmæt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all on official duties;hafa e-t fyrir satt, to hold for true;eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed for that, it is a false charge;hafa e-n fyrir sökum um e-t, to charge one with;hafa í hótum við e-n, to threaten one;hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand;höfum eiai sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands;hafa ór við e-n, to behave so and so towards one (hefir þú illa ór haft við mik);hafa e-t til e-s to use for (höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót); to be a reason or ground for;vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sézt, we believe the foundation of the story is that men have been seen there;hafa mikit (lítit) til síns máls, to have much (little) in support of one’s case;hafa e-t til, to have at hand, possess;orð þau, sem hann hafði um haft, the words which he had used;keisari hafði fátt um, did not say much;hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue one;hafa e-t uppi, to take (heave) up (hafa uppi fœri, net);Skarpheðinn hafði uppi øxina, S. heaved up the axe;hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel;hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game;hafa e-n uppi, to bring one to light;hafa uppi rœður, to begin a discussion;hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished (hafa úti sitt dagsverk);hafa við e-m, to be a match for one;hafa sik við, to exert oneself;hafa mikit (lítit) við, to make a great (little) display;hann söng messu ok bafði mikit við, and made much of it;hann bad jarl leita, bann hafði lítit við þat, he did it lightly;haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so;haf þú lítit við at eggja sonu þina, refrain from egging on thy sons;15) refl., hafast.* * *pret. hafði; subj. hefði; pres. sing. hefi (less correctly hefir), hefir, hefir; plur. höfum, hafit, hafa: the mod. pres. sing. is monosyllabic hefr or hefur, and is used so in rhymes—andvara engan hefur | … við glys heims gálaus sefur, Pass. 15. 6, but in print the true old form hefir is still retained; the monosyllabic present is used even by old writers in the 1st pers. before the personal or negative suffix, e. g. hef-k and hef-k-a ek for hefi-g and hefig-a ek, see e. g. Grág. (Kb.) 79, 82, in the old oath formula, hef-k eigi, Hallfred; hef ek, Fms. iii. 10 (in a verse); but not so in 3rd pers., e. g. hefir-a or hefir-at, Grág. l. c.: imperat. haf, hafðu: part. pass. hafðr, neut. haft;—hafat is an απ. λεγ., Vsp. 16, and is prob. qs. hafit from hefja, to heave, lift: [Ulf. haban; A. S. habban; Engl. have; Hel. hebben; Germ. haben; Dutch hebben; Dan. have, Swed. hafva: it is curious the Lat. form habere retains the consonant unchanged, cp. the Romance forms, Ital. avere, Fr. avoir, Span. haber, etc. ☞ Hafa is a weak verb, and thus distinguished from hefja (to lift, begin), which is a strong verb, answering to Lat. capere, incipere; but in sundry cases, as will be seen below, it passes into the sense of this latter word; as also in some instances into that of another lost strong verb, hafa, hóf, to behave, and hœfa, to hit]:—to have.A. To have; hann hafði með sér ekki meira lið, Fms. i. 39; hafði hverr hirð um sik, 52; höfðu þeir áttján skip, viii. 42; Sverrir hafði tvau hundrað manna, … þeir höfðu annan samnað á landi, 328; hann hafði mikit lið ok frítt, x. 36; þeir höfðu sjau skip ok flest stór, 102; hafa fjölmennar setur, Eb. 22; hann hafði menn sína í síldveri, Eg. 42; mun ek naut hafa þar sem mér þykkir hagi beztr, 716.II. to hold:1. to keep, celebrate; hafa ok halda, Dipl. i. 6; hafa átrúnað, 10; hafa dóma, 12; hafa blót, Fms. iv. 254; hafa vina-veizlu, id.; hafa vina-boð, Nj. 2; hafa Jóla-boð, Eg. 516; hafa þing, Fms. ix. 449; hafa haust-boð, Gísl. 27; hafa drykkju, Eb. 154; hafa leik, Fms. x. 201, passim.2. to hold, observe; hlýðir þat hvergi at hafa eigi lög í landi, Nj. 149; skal þat hafa, er stendr …, Grág. i. 7; skal þat allt hafa er finsk á skrá þeirri …, id.; en hvatki es mis-sagt es í fræðum þessum, þá es skylt at hafa þat (to keep, hold to be true) es sannara reynisk, Íb. 3; ok hafða ek (I kept, selected) þat ór hvárri er framarr greindi, Landn. 320, v. l.3. to hold, keep, retain; ef hann vill hafa hann til fardaga, Grág. i. 155; skal búandinn hafa hann hálfan mánuð, 154; ok hafði hvárr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; hitt skal hafa er um fram er, Rb. 56; kasta í burt þrjátigi ok haf þat sem eptir verðr, 494.4. to hold an office; hafa lögsögu, to hold the office of lögsaga, Íb. passim; hafa jarldóm, konungdóm, passim; þat höfðu haft at fornu Dana-konungar, Eg. 267; þér berit konunga-nöfn svá sem fyrr hafa haft ( have had) forfeðr yðrir, en hafit lítið af ríki, Fms. i. 52; hafa ríki, to reign, Hkr. pref.5. phrases, hafa elda, to keep a fire, cook, Fms. xi. 129; hafa fjárgæzlu, to tend sheep, Eg. 740; hafa embætti með höndum, Stj. 204; hafa gæzlur á e-u, Fms. ix. 313; hafa … vetr, to have so many winters, be of such an age (cp. Fr. avoir … ans), Íb. 15; margir höfðu lítið fátt þúsund ára, Ver. 7: hafa vörn í máli, Nj. 93; hafa e-t með höndum, to have in hand, Fms. viii. 280, ix. 239; hafa e-t á höndum, Grág. i. 38; hafa fyrir satt, to hold for true, Fms. xi. 10; hafa við orð, to intimate, suggest, Nj. 160; hafa e-t at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take no notice of, Fas. i. 318.6. with prepp. or infin.,α. with prep.; hafa til, to have, possess; ef annarr þeirra hefir til enn annarr eigi, þá er sá skyldr til at fá honum er til hefir, Grág. i. 33; ef annarr hefir til …, id.; þér ætlið at ek muna eigi afl til hafa, Ld. 28.β. with infin.; hafa at varðveita, to have in keeping, Eg. 500; lög hafit þér at mæla, you have the law on your tongue, i. e. you are right, Nj. 101; hörð tíðindi hefi ek at segja þér, 64; sá er gripinn hefir at halda, Grág. i. 438; hafa at selja, to have on sale, Ld. 28.III. to use; var haft til þess sker eitt, Eb. 12; þá höfðu þeir til varnar skot ok spjót, Fms. vii. 193; er þín ráð vóru höfð, that thy advice was taken, Fs. 57; Gríss hafði þessi ráð, Fms. iii. 21; ek vil at þat sé haft er ek legg til, x. 249; þykki mér þú vel hafa ( make good use of) þau tillög er ek legg fyrir þik, xi. 61; til þess alls er jarli þótti skipta, þá hafði hann þessa hluti, 129; tvau ný (net), ok hafa eigi höfð verit ( which have not been used), haf þú ( take) hvárt er þú vilt, Háv. 46; þær vil ek hafa enar nýju, en ek vil ekki hætta til at hafa enar fornu, id.; önnur er ný ok mikil ok hefir ( has) til einskis höfð ( used) verið, id.; buðkr er fyrir húslker er hafðr, Vm. 171; gjalda vápn þau er höfð eru, N. G. L. i. 75; þat hafði hann haft ( used) fyrir skála, Edda 29; þeir vóru hafðir til at festa með hús jafnan, Nj. 118; sá hólmr var hafðr til at …, Fms. i. 218; hann skyldi hafa hinn sama eið, x. 7; orð þau sem hann hafði ( had) um haft ( used), Nj. 56; orð þau er hann hafði ( made use of) í barnskírn, K. Þ. K. 14.2. more special phrases; hafa fagrmæli við e-n, to flatter one, Nj. 224; hafa hljóðmæli við e-n, to speak secretly to one, 223; allmikil fjölkyngi mun vera við höfð áðr svá fái gört, Edda 27; hafa mörg orð um e-t, Ld. 268; hafa tvímæli á e-u, to discuss, doubt, speak diffidently of a thing, Lv. 52; hafa viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words, Nj. 89; hafa nafn Drottins í hégóma, to take the Lord’s name in vain, Fms. i. 310; (hann var) mjök hafðr við mál manna, much used to, versed in lawsuits, Dropl. 8: hafa sik til e-s, to use oneself to a thing, i. e. to do a mean, paltry thing; þeir er til þess vilja hafa sik, at ganga í samkundur manna úboðit, Gþl. 200; ef hann vill sik til þessa hafa, Fms. i. 99: hafa sik við, to exert oneself; skaltú ok verða þik við at hafa um þetta mál, ef þú getr þat af þér fært, Grett. 160: hafa e-n at skotspæni, to use one as a target, Nj. 222; hafa e-n at hlífi-skildi sér, to use one as a shield, 262; hafa e-n at ginningar-fifli, auga-bragði, háði, hlátri, Hm. 133, Nj. 224, passim.IV. to have, hold, maintain, of a state or condition; hafa vináttu við e-n, to maintain friendship with one, Sks. 662; hafa vanmátt, to continue sick, Eg. 565; hafa hættu-mikit, to run a great risk, Nj. 149; hafa vitfirring, to be insane, Grág. i. 154; hafa heilindi, to have good health, 26, Hm. 67; hafa burði til e-s, to have the birthright to a thing. Eg. 479; hafa hug, áræði, hyggindi, to have the courage …, Hom. 28; hafa vit ( to know), skyn, greind … á e-u, to have understanding of a thing; hafa gaman, gleði, skemtun, ánægju af e-u, to have interest or pleasure in a thing; hafa leiða, ógeð, andstygð, hatr, óbeit á e-u, to dislike, be disgusted with, hate a thing; hafa elsku, mætr, virðing á e-u, to love, esteeem … a thing; hafa allan hug á e-u, to bend the mind to a thing; hafa grun á e-m, to suspect one; hafa ótta, beyg af e-u, to fear a thing; and in numberless other phrases.2. with prepp.:α. hafa e-t frammi (fram), to carry out, hold forth; hafa frammi róg, Nj. 166; hafa mál fram, to proceed with a suit, 101; stefnu-för, 78; heitstrengingar, Fms. xi. 103; ok öll lögmælt skil frammi hafa, and discharge all one’s official duties, 232; var um búit en ekki fram haft, all was made ready, but nothing done, viii. 113; beini má varla verða betri en hér er frammi hafðr, xi. 52; hafðú í frammi ( use) kúgan við þá uppi við fjöllin, Ísl. ii. 215; margir hlutir, þó at hann hafi í frammi, Sks. 276.β. hafa mikit, lítið fyrir e-u, to have much, little trouble about a thing; (hence fyrir-höfn, trouble.)γ. hafa við e-m (afl or the like understood), to be a match for one, Fms. vii. 170, Lv. 109, Nj. 89, Eg. 474, Anal. 176; hafa mikit, lítið við, to make a great, little display; (hence við-höfn, display, pomp); hann söng messu ok hafði mikit við, he sang mass and made a great thing of it, Nj. 157; þú hefir mikit við, thou makest a great show of it, Boll. 351; hann bað jarl leita, hann hafði lítið við þat, he did it lightly, Nj. 141; haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so, Ld. 182.B. To take, carry off, win, wield, [closely akin to Lat. capere]:I. to catch, take, esp. in the phrase, hafa ekki e-s, to miss one; hann kemsk á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki, he took to the forest and they missed him, Nj. 130; ekki munu vér hans hafa at sinni, we sha’nt catch him at present, Fms. vi. 278; hafða ek þess vætki vífs, Hm. 101; þeygi ek hana at heldr hefik, 95: in swearing, tröll, herr, gramir hafi þik, the trolls, ghosts, etc. take thee! tröll hafi líf, ef …, Kormak; tröll hafi Trefót allan! Grett. (in a verse); tröll hafi þína vini, tröll hafi hól þitt, Nj.; herr hafi Þóri til slægan, confound the wily Thorir! Fms. vi. 278, v. l. (emended, as the phrase is wrongly explained in Fms. xii. Gloss.); gramir hafi þik! vide gramr.II. to carry, carry off, bring; hafði einn hjartað í munni sér, one carried the heart off in his mouth, Nj. 95; hann hafði þat ( brought it) norðan með sér, Eg. 42; hafði Þórólfr heim marga dýrgripi, 4; hann hafði með sér skatt allan, 62; skaltú biðja hennar ok hafa hana heim hingat, Edda 22; fé þat er hann hafði ( had) út haft ( carried from abroad), Gullþ. 13; á fimm hestum höfðu þeir mat, Nj. 74; bókina er hann hafði ( had) út haft, Fms. vii. 156; konungr hafði biskup norðr til Björgynjar með sér, viii. 296; biskup lét hann hafa með sér kirkju-við ok járn-klukku, Landn. 42; hann hafði með sér skulda-lið sitt ok búferli, Eb. 8; hann tók ofan hofit, ok hafði með sér flesta viðu, id.; ok hafa hana í brott, Fms. i. 3; tekr upp barnit, ok hefir heim með sér, Ísl. ii. 20; hann hafði lög út hingat ór Noregi, he brought laws hither from Norway, Íb. 5; haf þú heim hvali til bæjar, Hým. 26; ok hafa hann til Valhallar, Nj. 119.III. to take, get; hann hafði þá engan mat né drykk, he took no food nor drink, Eg. 602; hann hafði eigi svefn, he got no sleep, Bs. i. 139.2. to get, gain, win; öfluðu sér fjár, ok höfðu hlutskipti mikit, Eg. 4; eigi þarftú at biðja viðsmjörs þess, þvíat hann mun þat alls ekki hafa, né þú, for neither he nor thou shall get it, Blas. 28; jarl vill hafa minn fund, he will have a meeting with me, 40, Skv. 1. 4: the sayings, hefir sá jafnan er hættir, he wins that risks, ‘nothing venture, nothing have,’ Hrafn. 16; sá hefir krás er krefr, Sl. 29.3. phrases, hafa meira hlut, to get the better lot, gain the day, Nj. 90, Fms. xi. 93; hafa gagn, sigr, to gain victory, ix. 132, Eg. 7, Hkr. i. 215, Ver. 38; hafa betr, to get the better; hafa verr, miðr, to have the worst of it, Fms. v. 86, Þorst. S. St. 48, passim; hafa mál sitt, to win one’s suit, Grág. i. 7, Fms. vii. 34; hafa kaup öll, to get all the bargain, Eg. 71; hafa tafl, to win the game, Fms. vii. 219; hafa erendi, to do one’s errand, succeed, Þkv. 10, 11, Fas. ii. 517: hafa bana, to have one’s bane, to die, Nj. 8; hafa úsigr, to be worsted, passim; hafa úfrið, to have no peace; hafa gagn, sóma, heiðr, neisu, óvirðing, skömm, etc. af e-u, to get profit, gain, honour, disgrace, etc. from a thing; hafa e-n í helju, to put one to death, Al. 123; hafa e-n undir, to get one under, subdue him, Nj. 95, 128; höfum eigi, sigrinn ór hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands, Fms. v. 294.4. to get, receive; hann hafði góðar viðtökur, Nj. 4; hón skal hafa sex-tigi hundraða, 3; skyldi Högni hafa land, 118; selja skipit, ef hann hafði þat fyrir ( if he could get for it) sem hann vildi; Flosi spurði í hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa, hann kvaðsk vildu fyrir hafa land, 259; hafa tíðindi, sögur af e-m, to have, get tidings of or from one, Ld. 28; hafa sæmd, metorð óvirðing, to get honour, disgrace from one’s hands, Nj. 101; hafa bætr, to get compensation, Grág. i. 188; hafa innstæðuna eina, id.; hafa af e-m, to have the best of one, cheat one.IV. to carry, wear, of clothes, ornaments, weapons:1. of clothes, [cp. Lat. habitus and Icel. höfn = gear]; hafa hatt á höfði, Ld. 28; hafa váskufl yztan klæða, … þú skalt hafa undir ( wear beneath) hin góðu klæði þín, Nj. 32; hann hafði blán kyrtil, … hann hafði svartan kyrtil, Boll. 358; hafa fald á höfði, to wear a hood; hón hafði gaddan rautt á höfði, Orkn. 304; hann hafði um sik breitt belti, he wore a broad belt, Nj. 91; hafa fingr-gull á hendi, 146: to have about one’s person, vefja saman ok hafa í pungi sínum, Edda 27; hlutir sem mönnum var títt at hafa, Fms. xi. 128.2. of weapons, to wield, carry; spjót þat er þú hefir í hendi, Boll. 350; hafa kylfu í hendi sér, to have a club in one’s hand, Fms. xi. 129; hafa staf í hendi, to have a stick in the hand, Bárð.; Gunnarr hafði atgeirinn ok sverðit, Kolskeggr hafði saxit, Hjörtr hafði alvæpni, Nj. 93; hann hafdi öxi snaghyrnda, Boll. 358; hann hafði kesjuna fyrir sér, he held the lance in rest, Eg. 532.V. here may be added a few special phrases; hafa hendr fyrir sér, to grope, feel with the hands (as in darkness); hafa vit fyrir sér, to act wisely; hafa at sér hendina, to draw one’s hand back, Stj. 198; hafa e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing after one, Konr.; hafa e-t yfir, to repeat (of a lesson): hafa sik, to betake oneself; hafa sik til annarra landa, Grett. 9 new Ed.; hann vissi varla hvar hann átti at hafa sik, he knew not where ( whither) to betake himself, Bs. i. 807; hefir hann sik aptr á stað til munklífisins, Mar.C. Passing into the sense of hefja (see at the beginning); hafa e-t uppi, to heave up, raise; hafa flokk uppi, to raise a party, to rebel, Fb. ii. 89: hafa uppi færi, net, a fisherman’s term, to heave up, take up the net or line, Háv. 46; Skarphéðinn hafði uppi ( heaved up) öxina, Nj. 144: hafa uppi tafl, to play at a game, Vápn. 29; þar vóru mjök töfl uppi höfð ok sagna-skemtan, Þorf. Karl. 406, v. l.: hafa e-n uppi, to hold one up, bring him to light; svá máttu oss skjótast uppi hafa, Fær. 42: metaph. to reveal, vándr riddari hafði allt þegar uppi, Str. 10.2. with the notion to begin; Bárðr hafði uppi orð sín ( began his suit) ok bað Sigríðar, Eg. 26, Eb. 142; hafa upp stefnu, to begin the summons, Boll. 350; hafa upp ræður, to begin a discussion; ræður þær er hann hafði uppi haft við Ingigerði, Fms. iv. 144, where the older text in Ó. H. reads umræður þær er hann hafði upp hafit (from hefja), 59; cp. also Vsp., þat langniðja-tal mun uppi hafat (i. e. hafit) meðan öld lifir, 16, (cp. upp-haf, beginning); þó at ek hafa síðarr um-ræðu um hann, better þó at ek hafa (i. e. hefja) síðarr upp ræðu um hann, though I shall below treat of, discuss that, Skálda (Thorodd) 168; er lengi hefir uppi verit haft síðan (of a song), Nj. 135; cp. also phrases such as, hafa á rás, to begin running, take to one’s heels, Fms. iv. 120, ix. 490; næsta morgin hefir út fjörðinn, the next morning a breeze off land arose, Bs. ii. 48: opp. is the phrase, hafa e-t úti, to have done, finished; hafa úti sitt dags-verk, Fms. xi. 431; hafa úti sekt sína, Grett. 149.D. Passing into the sense of a lost strong verb, hafa, hóf (see at the beginning), to behave, do, act:I. with an adverb, hafa vel, ílla, or the like, to behave, and in some instances to do well or badly, be happy or unhappy,α. to behave; en nú vil ek eigi verr hafa en þú, Fms. iv. 342; þeir sögðu at konungr vildi verr hafa en þeir, 313; hefir þú ílla ór (málum or the like understood) haft við mik, Fs. 140; ólikr er Gísli öðrum í þolinmæði, ok hefir hann betr en vér, Gísl. 28.β. to do so and so (to be happy, unhappy); verr hafa þeir er trygðum slitu, Mkv. 3; ílla hefir sá er annan svíkr, 18; vel hefir sá er þat líða lætr, 6; vel hefir sá ( he is happy) er eigi bíðr slíkt íllt þessa heims, Fms. v. 145; hvílíkt hefir þú, how dost thou? Mar.; hafa hart, to do badly, to be wretched; at sál Þorgils mætti fyrir þær sakir eigi hart hafa, Sturl. iii. 292, Mar.; Ólafr hafði þá hölzti ílla, O. was very poorly, D. N. ii. 156; þykisk sá bezt hafa ( happiest) er fyrstr kemr heim, Fms. xi. 248; þá hefir hann bazt af hann þegir, i. e. that is the best he can do if he holds his tongue, Hm. 19; þess get ek at sá hafi verr ( he will make a bad bargain) er þik flytr, Nj. 128; úlfgi hefir ok vel, the wolf is in a bad plight, Ls. 39; mun sá betr hafa er eigi tekr við þér, id.; betr hefðir þú, ef …, thou wouldest do better, if …, Akv. 16.γ. adding sik; hafa sik vel, to behave well, Fms. x. 415, Stj. 436.II. with the prep. at, to do, act, (hence at-höfn, at-hæfi, act, doing); hann lét ekki til búa vígs-málit ok engan hlut at hafa, Nj. 71; en ef þeim þykkir of lítið féit tekit, þá skulu þeir hafa at hit sama, to act in the same way, Grág. ii. 267; hvatki es þeir hafa at, Fms. xi. 132; hann tók af þér konuna, en þú hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst take it tamely, Nj. 33; bæði munu menn þetta kalla stórvirki ok íllvirki, en þó má nú ekki at hafa, but there is no help for it, 202; eigi sýnisk mér meðal-atferðar-leysi, at vér höfum eigi at um kvámur hans, i. e. that we submit tamely to his coming, Fs. 32: absol., viltú þess freista, ok vita þá hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see how it will do? Bjarn. 27; en nú skaltú fara fyrir, ok vita hvat at hafi, Bs. i. 712.III. phrases, hafa hátt, to be noisy, talk loud, Fms. i. 66; við skulum ekki hafa hátt ( do not cry loud) hér er maðr á glugganum, a lullaby song; hafa lágt, to keep silent; hafa hægt, to keep quiet; hafa sik á (í) hófi, to compose oneself, Ls. 36; hafa í hótum við e-n, to use threatening ( foul) language, Fb. i. 312; hafa í glett við e-n, to banter one, Fms. viii. 289; hafa íllt at verki, to do a bad deed, Ísl. ii. 184.E. Passing into the sense of the verb hæfa (see at the beginning), to aim at, hit, with dat.:I. to hit; svá nær hafði hausinum, at …, the shot so nearly hit the head, that …, Fms. ii. 272; þat sama forað, sem henni hafði næst váða, those very precipices from which she had so narrow an escape, Bs. i. 200, Fms. ix. 357; nær hafði nú, at skjótr mundi verða okkarr skilnaðr, Al. 124; nær hafði okkr nú, it struck near us, it was a narrow escape, Fms. viii. 281; kvaðsk svá dreymt hafa ( have dreamed), at þeim mundi nær hafa, ix. 387, v. l.; ok er nær hafði at skipit mundi fljóta, when the ship was on the point of floating, Ld. 58; ok hafði svá nær (it was within a hair’s breadth), at frændr Þorvalds mundu ganga at honum, Nj. 160; ok hafði svá nær at þeir mundi berjask, Íb. 11, cp. Bs. i. 21: the phrase, fjarri hefir, far from it! Edda (in a verse).2. to charge; eigi em ek þar fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed at for that, ‘tis a false charge, Eg. 64; þeim manni er fyrir sökum er hafðr, i. e. the culprit, Grág. i. 29; cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á e-u, to make a charge of a thing; það varð ekki á því haft, they could not make a case for a charge of it.II. metaph. to be the ground or reason for, (hence til-hæfa, reason, fact, foundation); til þess ætla vitrir menn þat haft at Ísland sé Tile (i. e. Thule) kallað, at …, learned men suppose that is the reason that Iceland is called Thule, that …, Landn. (pref.); mikit mun til haft, er einmæli er um (there must be some reason for it, because all people say so), Þorgils segir, eigi er fyrir haft ( there is no ground whatever for it), at ek mæla betr fyrir griðum en aðrir menn, Ísl. ii. 379; vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at þar hafi menn sésk, we believe the substance of the story is that men have been seen there, Fms. xi. 158; hvat er til þess haft um þat (what is the truth of the matter?), hefir sundr-þykki orðit með ykkr? Boll. 364: in the saying, hefir hverr til síns ágætis nokkut, every one gets his reputation for something, Nj. 115.2. to happen, coincide; hefir svá til, at hann var þar sjálfr, Fms. xi. 138, v. l.β. the phrase, hafa mikit (lítið) til síns máls, to have much ( little) reason for one’s tale, i. e. to be much, little, in the right, Fms. vii. 221, xi. 138 (v. l.), Nj. 88: um þenna hefir svá stórum, it matters so much with this man, (v. l. for mun stórum skipta), Fms. xi. 311.F. REFLEX. to keep, dwell, abide, but only of a temporary shelter or abode, cp. Lat. habitare, (cp. also höfn, a haven); hann hefsk á náttartíma niðri í vötnum, at night-time he keeps down in the water, Stj. 77: to live, þeir höfðusk mjök í kaupferðum, they spent much of their life in travelling, Hkr. i. 276; hann hafðisk löngum í bænum, Bs. i. 353.β. with prep. við; hér mun ek við hafask ( I will stay here) en þú far til konungs, Fb. ii. 125; hafðisk hann við á skógum eðr í öðrum fylgsnum, 302; því at hann hafðisk þá á skipum við, Fms. viii. 44; hvílsk heldr ok hafsk við í því landi, rest and stay in that land, Stj. 162; Ásgeirr hafðisk við uppi í dalnum, Sd. 154; hafask lind fyrir, to cover oneself with a shield (?), Vsp. 50; hafask hlífar fyrir, to be mailed in armour, Hkm. 11.2. hafask at, to do, behave (cp. D. above); vóru þeir þá svá móðir, at þeir máttu ekki at hafask, Fms. ii. 149; en síðan skulut þér at hafa slíkt sem ek kann fyrir segja, i. 158; þat eitt munu við at hafask, at ek mun betr göra en þú, Nj. 19; Lambi sá hvat Steinarr hafðisk at, Eg. 747.3. hafask vel, to do well, thrive; vaxa ok vel hafask, to wax and do well, Hm. 142; nú er þat bæn mín, at þér hafisk við vel, that you bear yourself well up, Fms. ix. 497; Jungfrúin hafðisk vel við í ferðinni, x. 86; at fé hans mundi eigi hafask at betr at meðal-vetri, Grág. ii. 326.4. recipr., hafask orð við, to speak to one another; ok er þat ósiðlegt, at menn hafisk eigi orð við, Fs. 14; þar til er þeir hafask réttar tölur við, N. G. L. i. 182.II. part. hafandi is used in the sense of having conceived, being with child; þá verit hann varr við at hón var hafandi, 656 B. 14; hón skyldi verða hafandi at Guðs syni, id.; generally, allt þat er hafanda var lét burð sinn ok ærðisk, Fms. vii. 187; svá sem hón verðr at honum hafandi, Stj. 178; (hence barns-hafandi, being with child.)G. The word hafa is in the Icel., as in other Teut. languages, used as an auxiliary verb with a part. pass. of another verb, whereby a compound preterite and pluperfect are formed as follows:I. in transitive verbs with acc. the participle also was put in acc., agreeing in gender, number, and case with the objective noun or pronoun; this seems to have been a fixed rule in the earliest time, and is used so in all old poems down at least to the middle of the 11th century, to the time of Sighvat (circ. A. D. 990–1040), who constantly used the old form,—átt is an apostrophe for átta in the verse Ó. H. 81:1. references from poets, Gm. 5, 12, 16; þá er forðum mik fædda höfðu, Vsp. 2; hverr hefði lopt lævi blandit eðr ætt jötuns Óðs mey gefna, 29; þær’s í árdaga áttar höfðu, 60: ek hafða fengna konungs reiði, Ad. 3; en Grjótbjörn um gnegðan hefir, 18; mik hefir marr miklu ræntan, Stor. 10; þó hefir Míms-vinr mér um fengnar bölva bætr, 22: gaupur er Haraldr hafi sveltar, Hornklofi: Loka mær hefir leikinn allvald, Ýt. 7; sá hafði borinn brúna-hörg, 14; jarlar höfðu veginn hann, 15: ek hef orðinn ( found) þann guðföðr (verða is here used as trans.), Hallfred; höfum kera framðan, id.: hann hefir litnar, sénar, hár bárur, Ísl. ii. 223, thus twice in a verse of A. D. 1002; göngu hefik of gengna, Korm. (in a verse); hann hafði farna för, Hkr. i. (Glum Geirason); ek hefi talðar níu orustur, Sighvat; þú hefir vanðan þik, id.; ér hafit rekna þá braut, Ó. H. 63 (Óttar Svarti); hann hefir búnar okkr hendr skrautliga, Sighvat (Ó. H. 13); þeir hafa færð sín höfuð Knúti, id.; hvar hafit ér hugðan mér sess, id.; hafa sér kenndan enn nørðra heims enda, id.; Sighvatr hefir lattan gram, id.; hefir þú hamar um fólginn, Þkv. 7, 8; þú hefir hvatta okkr, Gkv. 6; ek hefi yðr brennda, Am. 39, cp. 56; hefi ek þik minntan, 81; hefir þú hjörtu tuggin, Akv. 36; hefir þú mik dvalðan, Hbl. 51; ek hefi hafðar þrár, I have had throes, Fsm. 51; en ek hann görvan hef-k, svá hefi ek studdan, 12 (verse 13 is corrupt); hann hefir dvalða þik, Hkv. Hjörv. 29; lostna, 30; mik hefir sóttan meiri glæpr, 32; ek hefi brúði kerna, id.; þú hefir etnar úlfa krásir, opt sár sogin, Hkv. 1. 36; sá er opt hefir örnu sadda, 35; hefir þú kannaða koni óneisa, 23; þá er mik svikna höfðut, Skv. 3. 55; hann hafði getna sonu, Bkv. 8; þann sal hafa halir um görvan, Fm. 42; bróður minn hefir þú benjaðan, 25; er hann ráðinn hefir, 37; sjaldan hefir þú gefnar vargi bráðir, Eg. (in a verse).2. references from prose; this old form has since been turned into an indecl. neut. sing. part. -it. The old form was first lost in the strong verbs and the weak verbs of the first conjugation: in the earliest prose both forms are used, although the indecl. is more freq. even in the prose writers, as Íb., the Heiðarv. S., the Miracle-book in Bs., Njála, Ó. H., (Thorodd seems only to use the old form,) as may be seen from the following references, Björn hafði særða þrjá menn, Nj. 262; hann mundi hana hafa gipta honum, 47; hann hafði þá leidda saman hestana, 264: ek hefi sendan mann, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 333; ek nefi senda menn, id.: hafa son sinn ór helju heimtan, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 337; en er þeir höfðu niðr settan sveininn, 349; hann hafði veidda fimm tegu fiska, 350: er þér hefir ílla neisu gorva, Ó. H. 107: þá hefi ek fyrri setta þá í stafrófi, Skálda (Thorodd) 161; þar hefi ek við görva þessa stafi fjóra, id.; hafa hann samsettan, 167: góða fylgd hefir þú mér veitta, Þorst Síðu H. 2: sagði, at Ólafr konungr hafði sendan hann, Bs. i. 11: Þyri, er hertogi hafði festa nauðga, Fms. x. 393 (Ágrip): hefi ek þá svá signaða ok magnaða, v. 236: hefir sólin gengna tvá hluti, en einn úgenginn, K. Þ. K. 92 (Lund’s Syntax, p. 12).β. again, neut. indecl., hana hafði átt fyrr Þoróddr, Ísl. ii. 192: hón hafði heimt húskarl sinn …, Ísl. (Heiðarv. S.) ii. 339; hann hefir ekki svá vel gyrt hest minn, 340; hefir þú eigi séð mik, 341; hve hann hafði lokkat hann. id.; gistingar hefi ek yðr fengit, 343: þeir höfðu haft úfrið ok orrostur, Íb. 12; hann hafði tekið lögsögu, 14: stafr er átt hafði Þorlákr, Bs. (Miracle-book) i. 340; er þær höfðu upp tekit ketilinn ok hafit …, 342; göngu es hann hafði gingit, 344; es sleggjuna hafði niðr fellt, 346; sem maðr hefði nýsett (hana) niðr, id.; jartein þá er hann þóttisk fingit hafa, 347; hafði prestrinn fært fram sveininn, 349: hjálm er Hreiðmarr hafði átt, Edda 73: hafa efnt sína heitstrenging, Fms. (Jómsv. S.) xi. 141: slíkan dóm sem hann hafði mér hugat, Ó. H. 176, etc. passim:—at last the inflexion disappeared altogether, and so at the present time the indecl. neut. sing. is used throughout; yet it remains in peculiar instances, e. g. konu hefi eg mér festa, Luke xiv. 20, cp. Vídal. ii. 21. ☞ This use of the inflexive part. pass. may often serve as a test of the age of a poem, e. g. that Sólarljóð was composed at a later date may thus be seen from verses 27, 64, 72, 73, 75, 79; but this test is to be applied with caution, as the MSS. have in some cases changed the true forms (-inn, -ann, and -it, -an being freq. abbreviated in the MSS. so as to render the reading dubious). In many cases the old form is no doubt to be restored, e. g. in vegit to veginn, Fm. 4, 23; búit to búinn, Hkv. Hjörv. 15; borit to borinn, Hkv. 1. 1; beðit to beðinn, Fsm. 48; orðit to orðin, Og. 23; roðit to roðinn, Em. 5; brotið to brotinn, Vkv. 24, etc.: but are we to infer from Ls. 23, 26, 33, that this poem is of a comparatively late age?II. the indecl. neut. sing. is, both in the earliest poems and down to the present day, used in the following cases:1. with trans. verbs requiring the dat. or gen.; ek hefi fengit e-s, hann hafði fengit konu; hafa hefnt e-s, Fms. xi. 25; sú er hafði beðit fjár, Þkv. 32; stillir hefir stefnt mér, Hkv. Hjörv. 33, and so in endless cases.2. in the reflex. part. pass.; þeir (hann) hafa (hefir) látisk, farisk, sagsk, etc.3. in part. of intrans. neut. verbs, e. g. þeir þær (hann, hón), hafa (hefir) setið, staðit, gengit, legit, farit, komit, verit, orðit, lifað, dáit, heitið …, also almost in every line both of prose and poetry.4. in trans. verbs with a neut. sing. in objective case the difference cannot be seen.☞ The compound preterite is common to both the Romance and Teutonic languages, and seems to be older in the former than in the latter; Grimm suggests that it originated with the French, and thence spread to the Teutons. That it was not natural to the latter is shewn by the facts, thatα. no traces of it are found in Gothic, nor in the earliest Old High German glossaries to Latin words.β. in the earliest Scandinavian poetry we can trace its passage from declinable to indeclinable.γ. remains are left in poetry of a primitive uncompounded preterite infinitive, e. g. stóðu = hafa staðit, mundu, skyldu, vildu, etc., see Gramm. p. xxv, col. 2. ☞ We may here note a curious dropping of the verb hefir, at ek em kominn hingat til lands, ok verit áðr ( having been) langa hríð utan-lands, Ó. H. 31, cp. Am. 52; barn at aldri, en vegit slíka hetju sem Þorvaldr var, Glúm. 382. On this interesting matter see Grimm’s remarks in his Gramm. iv. 146 sqq. -
9 peser
peser [pəze]➭ TABLE 51. transitive verb• se faire peser [sportif] to get weighed in• peser ses mots/chances to weigh one's words/chances2. intransitive verba. to weigh ; [sportif] to weigh inb. ( = appuyer) to pressd. ( = avoir de l'importance) to carry weight3. reflexive verb► se peser to weigh o.s.* * *pəze
1.
1) lit to weigh [personne, objet]2) fig to weigh up
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( avoir un poids) to weigh; ( être lourd) to be heavy2) ( avoir de l'importance) to carry weightpeser dans/sur une décision — to have a decisive influence in/on a decision
3) ( faire sentir son poids)peser sur — [soupçons, risques] to hang over [personne, projet]; [impôts, charges] to weigh [somebody/something] down [personne, pays]; [personne, décision] to influence (greatly) [politique, situation]
la solitude me pèse — fig loneliness weighs heavily on me
4) ( exercer une poussée)peser contre/sur — to push against/down on
3.
se peser verbe pronominal to weigh oneself••envoyez, c'est pesé! — (colloq) off it goes!
* * *pəze1. vt1) (avec une balence) [objet, substance] to weigh, [une quantité déterminée de qch] to weigh out"peser ensuite 100g de sucre" — "next weigh out 100g of sugar"
2) (= considérer) [options] to weigh up3) (un certain poids) to weighElle pèse cent kilos. — She weighs 100 kilos.
Ce sac pèse lourd. — This bag is heavy.
4) (= valoir) (une certaine somme, proportion) to be worthCette société pèse soixante pour cent du marché. — This firm is worth sixty per cent of the market.
Il pèse plus de cent milliards d'euros. — He's worth more than a hundred billion euro.
2. vi1) (= être pesant) to be heavy2) (= causer de la peine ou du souci)3)peser sur qn [menace] — to hang over sb
4)Il a pesé de tout son poids pour que cette décision soit prise. — He brought all his influence to bear to make sure this decision was made.
* * *A vtr1 ( mesurer le poids de) to weigh [personne, objet];2 ( apprécier) to weigh up; peser le pour et le contre to weigh up the pros and cons; peser ses mots or paroles to choose one's words carefully; tout bien pesé all things considered.B vi1 ( avoir un poids) to weigh; ( être lourd) to be heavy; combien pèses-tu? how much do you weigh?; je pèse 70 kg I weigh 70 kg; peser lourd to weigh a lot; cette valise pèse trop this suitcase is too heavy; elle ne pèse rien! she doesn't weigh a thing!; ça pèse des tonnes! fig it weighs a ton!;2 ( avoir de l'importance) to carry weight; ceux qui pèsent dans la vie publique those who carry weight in public life; leurs voix ne pèseront pas lourd dans la balance their votes won't carry much weight; peser dans/sur une décision to have a decisive influence in/on a decision;3 ( faire sentir son poids) peser sur [menaces, soupçons, risques, incertitudes] to hang over [personne, projet]; [impôts, charges, contraintes] to weigh [sb/sth] down [personne, pays]; [personne, décision] to influence (greatly) [politique, stratégie, situation]; peser lourd sur to weigh heavily on; faire peser un danger sur qn/un pays to be a danger to sb/a country; faire peser un risque sur to threaten;4 ( être pénible) la solitude me/leur pèse loneliness weighs heavily on me/them;5 ( exercer une poussée) peser contre/sur to push against/ down on.C se peser vpr to weigh oneself.envoyez, c'est pesé○! off it goes.[pəze] verbe transitif1. [avec une balance] to weigh2. (familier) [valoir]3. [évaluer, choisir] to weighpeser ses mots to weigh ou to choose one's wordspeser les risques to weigh up the risk, to evaluate the riskstout bien pesé all things considered, all in all————————[pəze] verbe intransitif1. [corps, objet] to weighcombien pèses-tu/pèse le paquet? how much do you/does the parcel weigh?la question d'argent a pesé très lourd dans mon choix the question of money was a determining ou major factor in my choicemes raisons ne pèsent pas lourd dans la balance my arguments don't carry much weight ou don't matter very much3. [faire pression sur]peser sur [accabler] to weigh down, to be a strain onça me pèse sur l'estomac/la conscience it's lying on my stomach/weighing on my conscience4. [être pénible pour]peser à to weigh down ou heavy on————————se peser verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)————————se peser verbe pronominal (emploi passif) -
10 insto
in-sto, stĭti, stātum (e. g. instaturum, Liv. 10, 36, 3:I.instaturos,
Front. Strat. 2, 6, 10 al.), 1, v. n., to stand in or upon a thing (class.).Lit.A.In gen., constr. with dat., in and abl., or acc.(α).With dat.:(β).jugis,
Verg. A. 11, 529.—With in and abl.: saxo in globoso, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Fragm. v. 367 Rib.):(γ).instans in medio triclinio,
Suet. Tib. 72.—Absol., to draw nigh, approach; to impend, threaten:(δ).quibus ego confido impendere fatum aliquod, et poenas jam diu debitas aut instare jam plane, aut certe jam appropinquare,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5:instant apparatissimi magnificentissimique ludi,
id. Pis. 27:cum illi iter instaret,
id. Att. 13, 23:quidquid subiti et magni discriminis instat,
Juv. 6, 520:ante factis omissis, illud quod instet, agi oportere,
the subject in hand, Cic. Inv. 2, 11, 37. —Of persons: cum legionibus instare Varum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 43.—With acc. (ante-class.):B. (α).tantum eum instat exitii,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 96.—With dat.:(β).cedenti,
Liv. 10, 36:vestigiis,
id. 27, 12, 9:instantem regi cometen videre,
Juv. 6, 407.—With acc.:II.si me instabunt (al. mi),
Plaut. Curc. 3, 1, 6.—Trop.A.To urge or press upon one, to insist; to pursue a thing (syn. urgeo):(α).quamobrem urge, insta, perfice,
Cic. Att. 13, 32, 1:accusatori,
id. Font. 1:ille instat factum (esse),
he insists upon the fact, Ter. And. 1, 1, 120.— To follow up eagerly, pursue; with dat. or acc.With dat.:(β).instant operi regnisque futuris,
Verg. A. 1, 504:talibus instans monitis (parens),
Juv. 14, 210:non ignarus instandum famae,
Tac. Agr. 18.—With acc., to urge forward, ply, transact with zeal or diligence: instant mercaturam, Nov. ap. Non. 212, 30 (Com. Rel. p. 223 Rib.):(γ).parte aliā Marti currumque, rotasque volucres Instabant,
were hastening forward, working hard at, busily constructing, Verg. A. 8, 434: rectam viam, to go right, i. e. to be right, to hit the mark, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 40:unum instare de indutiis vehementissime contendere,
Caes. B. C. 3, 17, 5; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 385.—Absol.:B.vox domini instantis,
Juv. 14, 63.—To demand earnestly, solicit, insist upon:A.satis est, quod instat de Milone,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2:quod profecto cum sua sponte, tum, te instante, faciet,
at your instance, your solicitation, id. Att. 3, 15.— With inf.:instat Scandilius poscere recuperatores,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 59, § 136.—With ut or ne:tibi instat Hortensius, ut eas in consilium,
Cic. Quint. 10:uxor acriter tua instat, ne mihi detur,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 33; cf.:nunc nosmet ipsi nobis instemus, ut, etc.,
Auct. Her. 4, 56, 69.— Impers.:profecto, si instetur, suo milite vinci Romam posse,
Liv. 2, 44.—Hence, instans, antis, P. a.(Standing by, being near, i. e.) Present.1.In gen.:2.quae venientia metuuntur, eadem efficiunt aegritudinem instantia,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 11:ex controversia futuri, raro etiam ex instantis aut facti,
id. de Or. 2, 25, 105:tempus,
Auct. Her. 2, 5, 8:bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 10, 24.—In partic., gram. t. t.:B.tempus, i.q. praesens tempus,
the present tense, the present, Quint. 5, 10, 42; Charis. p. 147 P. et saep.—Pressing, urgent, importunate (post-Aug.):periculum,
Nep. Paus. 3, 5:species terribilior jam et instantior,
Tac. H. 4, 83:gestus acer atque instans,
Quint. 11, 3, 92 sq.; cf.:argumentatio acrior et instantior,
id. ib. §164: admonitio instantior,
Gell. 13, 24, 19.— Adv.: instanter, vehemently, earnestly, pressingly:intente instanterque pronuntiare,
Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 6:petere,
id. ib. 5, 7, 22:plura acriter et instanter incipere,
Quint. 9, 3, 30:dicere,
id. 9, 4, 126.— Comp.:instantius concurrere,
to fight more vehemently, Tac. A. 6, 35. — Sup.:instantissime desiderare,
Gell. 4, 18. -
11 dico
1.dĭco, āvi, ātum, 1 (dixe for dixisse, Val. Ant. ap. Arn. 5, 1; DICASSIT dixerit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 75, 15; rather = dicaverit), v. a. [orig. the same word with 2. dīco; cf. the meaning of abdĭco and abdīco, of indĭco and indīco, dedĭco, no. II. A. al., Corss. Ausspr. 1, 380].I.To proclaim, make known. So perh. only in the foll. passage: pugnam, Lucil. ap. Non. 287, 30.—Far more freq.,II.Relig. t. t., to dedicate, consecrate, devote any thing to a deity or to a deified person (for syn. cf.: dedico, consecro, inauguro).A.Prop.: et me dicabo atque animam devotabo hostibus, Att. ap. Non. 98, 12:2.donum tibi (sc. Jovi) dicatum atque promissum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72; cf.:ara condita atque dicata,
Liv. 1, 7 (for which aram condidit dedicavitque, id. 28, 46 fin.); so,aram,
id. 1, 7; 1, 20:capitolium, templum Jovis O. M.,
id. 22, 38 fin.:templa,
Ov. F. 1, 610:delubrum ex manubiis,
Plin. 7, 26, 27, § 97:lychnuchum Apollini,
id. 34, 3, 8, § 14:statuas Olympiae,
id. 34, 4, 9, § 16:vehiculum,
Tac. G. 40:carmen Veneri,
Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 178; cf. Suet. Ner. 10 fin. et saep.:cygni Apollini dicati,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 73.—With a personal object, to consecrate, to deify (cf. dedico, no. II. A. b.):B.Janus geminus a Numa dicatus,
Plin. 34, 7, 16, § 34:inter numina dicatus Augustus,
Tac. A. 1, 59.—Transf., beyond the relig. sphere.1.To give up, set apart, appropriate a thing to any one: recita;* 2.aurium operam tibi dico,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 72; so,operam,
id. Ps. 1, 5, 147; Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 12:hunc totum diem tibi,
Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7:tuum studium meae laudi,
id. Fam. 2, 6, 4:genus (orationis) epidicticum gymnasiis et palaestrae,
id. Or. 13, 42:librum Maecenati,
Plin. 19, 10, 57, § 177; cf.:librum laudibus ptisanae,
id. 18, 7, 15, § 75 al.:(Deïopeam) conubio jungam stabili propriamque dicabo,
Verg. A. 1, 73; cf. the same verse, ib. 4, 126:se Crasso,
Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 11; cf.: se Remis in clientelam, * Caes. B. G. 6, 12, 7:se alii civitati,
to become a free denizen of it, Cic. Balb. 11, 28;for which: se in aliam civitatem,
id. ib. 12 fin. —(I. q. dedico, no. II. A.) To consecrate a thing by using it for the first time:2.nova signa novamque aquilam,
Tac. H. 5, 16.— Hence, dĭcātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. II.), devoted, consecrated, dedicated:loca Christo dedicatissima, August. Civ. Dei, 3, 31: CONSTANTINO AETERNO AVGVSTO ARRIVS DIOTIMVS... N. M. Q. (i. e. numini majestatique) EIVS DICATISSIMVS,
Inscr. Orell. 1083.dīco, xi, ctum, 3 ( praes. DEICO, Inscr. Orell. 4848; imp. usu. dic; cf. duc, fac, fer, from duco, etc., DEICVNTO, and perf. DEIXSERINT, P. C. de Therm. ib. 3673; imp. dice, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 298, 29 Müll.; Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 109; id. Bac. 4, 4, 65; id. Merc. 1, 2, 47 al.; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 21; fut. dicem = dicam, Cato ap. Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 72, 6 Müll.—Another form of the future is dicebo, Novius ap. Non. 507 (Com. v. 8 Rib.). — Perf. sync.:I.dixti,
Plaut. As. 4, 2, 14; id. Trin. 2, 4, 155; id. Mil. 2, 4, 12 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 1, 1; 3, 2, 38; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 100 et saep.; Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 10; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; id. Caecin. 29, 82; acc. to Quint. 9, 3, 22.— Perf. subj.:dixis,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 46; Caecil. ap. Gell. 7, 17 fin.:dixem = dixissem,
Plaut. Pseud. 1, 5, 84; inf. dixe = dix isse, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 105, 23; Varr. ib. 451, 16; Arn. init.; Aus. Sept. Sap. de Cleob. 8; inf. praes. pass. dicier, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 32; Vatin. in Cic. Fam. 5, 9 al.), v. a. [root DIC = DEIK in deiknumi; lit., to show; cf. dikê, and Lat. dicis, ju-dex, dicio], to say, tell, mention, relate, affirm, declare, state; to mean, intend (for syn. cf.: for, loquor, verba facio, dicto, dictito, oro, inquam, aio, fabulor, concionor, pronuntio, praedico, recito, declamo, affirmo, assevero, contendo; also, nomino, voco, alloquor, designo, nuncupo; also, decerno, jubeo, statuo, etc.; cf. also, nego.—The person addressed is usually put in dat., v. the foll.: dicere ad aliquem, in eccl. Lat., stands for the Gr. eipein pros tina, Vulg. Luc. 2, 34 al.; cf. infra I. B. 2. g).Lit.A.In gen.:b.Amphitruonis socium nae me esse volui dicere,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 228:advenisse familiarem dicito,
id. ib. 1, 1, 197:haec uti sunt facta ero dicam,
id. ib. 1, 1, 304; cf. ib. 2, 1, 23:signi dic quid est?
id. ib. 1, 1, 265:si dixero mendacium,
id. ib. 1, 1, 43; cf.opp. vera dico,
id. ib. 1, 1, 238 al.:quo facto aut dicto adest opus,
id. ib. 1, 1, 15; cf.:dictu opus est,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 68:nihil est dictu facilius,
id. Phorm. 2, 1, 70:turpe dictu,
id. Ad. 2, 4, 11:indignis si male dicitur, bene dictum id esse dico,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27:ille, quem dixi,
whom I have mentioned, named, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45 et saep.: vel dicam = vel potius, or rather:stuporem hominis vel dicam pecudis attendite,
Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30; cf.:mihi placebat Pomponius maxime vel dicam minime displicebat,
id. Brut. 57, 207; so id. ib. 70, 246; id. Fam. 4, 7, 3 al.—Dicitur, dicebatur, dictum est, impers. with acc. and inf., it is said, related, maintained, etc.; or, they say, affirm, etc.: de hoc (sc. Diodoro) Verri dicitur, habere eum, etc., it is reported to Verres that, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18:c.non sine causa dicitur, ad ea referri omnes nostras cogitationes,
id. Fin. 3, 18, 60; so,dicitur,
Nep. Paus. 5, 3; Quint. 5, 7, 33; 7, 2, 44; Ov. F. 4, 508:Titum multo apud patrem sermone orasse dicebatur, ne, etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 52; so,dicebatur,
id. A. 1, 10:in hac habitasse platea dictum'st Chrysidem,
Ter. And. 4, 5, 1:dictum est,
Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 38, 56; Quint. 6, 1, 27:ut pulsis hostibus dici posset, eos, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 3. Cf. also: hoc, illud dicitur, with acc. and inf., Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 72; id. de Or. 1, 33, 150; Quint. 4, 2, 91; 11, 3, 177 al. —Esp. in histt. in reference to what has been previously related:ut supra dictum est,
Sall. J. 96, 1:sicut ante dictum est,
Nep. Dion. 9, 5; cf. Curt. 3, 7, 7; 5, 1, 11; 8, 6, 2 et saep.—(See Zumpt, Gram. § 607.) Dicor, diceris, dicitur, with nom. and inf., it is said that I, thou, he, etc.; or, they say that I, thou, etc.:d.ut nos dicamur duo omnium dignissimi esse,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 47: cf. Quint. 4, 4, 6:dicar Princeps Aeolium carmen ad Italos Deduxisse modos,
Hor. Od. 3, 30, 10 al.:illi socius esse diceris,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 72: aedes Demaenetus ubi [p. 571] dicitur habitare, id. As. 2, 3, 2:qui (Pisistratus) primus Homeri libros confusos antea sic disposuisse dicitur, ut nunc habemus,
Cic. de Or. 3, 34, 137 et saep.:quot annos nata dicitur?
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 89:is nunc dicitur venturus peregre,
id. Truc. 1, 1, 66 et saep. In a double construction, with nom. and inf., and acc. and inf. (acc. to no. b. and c.): petisse dicitur major Titius... idque ab eis facile (sc. eum) impetrasse, Auct. B. Afr. 28 fin.; so Suet. Oth. 7.—Dictum ac factum or dictum factum (Gr. hama epos hama ergon), in colloq. lang., no sooner said than done, without delay, Ter. And. 2, 3, 7:B.dictum ac factum reddidi,
it was "said and done" with me, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 12; 5, 1, 31; cf.:dicto citius,
Verg. A. 1, 142; Hor. S. 2, 2, 80; and:dicto prope citius,
Liv. 23, 47, 6.—In partic.1.Pregn.a.To assert, affirm a thing as certain (opp. nego):b.quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12; cf.:dicebant, ego negabam,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; and:quibus creditum non sit negantibus, iisdem credatur dicentibus?
id. Rab. Post. 12, 35.—For dico with a negative, nego is used, q. v.; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 799;2.but: dicere nihil esse pulchrius, etc.,
Liv. 30, 12, 6; 21, 9, 3 Fabri; so,freq. in Liv. when the negation precedes,
id. 30, 22, 5; 23, 10, 13 al.; cf. Krebs, Antibar. p. 355.—dico is often inserted parenthetically, to give emphasis to an apposition:3.utinam C. Caesari, patri, dico adulescenti contigisset, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 36, 105; id. Planc. 12, 30; Quint. 9, 2, 83; cf. Cic. Or. 58, 197; id. Tusc. 4, 16, 36; Sen. Ep. 14, 6; id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 1, 6, 24:ille mihi praesidium dederat, cum dico mihi, senatui dico populoque Romano,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 20; Sen. Ep. 83, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 2; 3, 2, 2.—In rhetor. and jurid. lang., to pronounce, deliver, rehearse, speak any thing.(α).With acc.:(β).oratio dicta de scripto,
Cic. Planc. 30 fin.; cf.:sententiam de scripto,
id. Att. 4, 3, 3:controversias,
Quint. 3, 8, 51; 9, 2, 77:prooemium ac narrationem et argumenta,
id. 2, 20, 10:exordia,
id. 11, 3, 161:theses et communes locos,
id. 2, 1, 9:materias,
id. 2, 4, 41:versus,
Cic. Or. 56, 189; Quint. 6, 3, 86:causam, of the defendant or his attorney,
to make a defensive speech, to plead in defence, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5; id. Quint. 8; id. Sest. 8; Quint. 5, 11, 39; 7, 4, 3; 8, 2, 24 al.; cf.causas (said of the attorney),
Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5; 2, 8, 32 al.:jus,
to pronounce judgment, id. Fl. 3; id. Fam. 13, 14; hence the praetor's formula: DO, DICO, ADDICO; v. do, etc.—With ad and acc. pers., to plead before a person or tribunal:(γ).ad unum judicem,
Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 10:ad quos? ad me, si idoneus videor qui judicem, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 72; Liv. 3, 41.—With ad and acc. of thing, to speak in reference to, in reply to:(δ).non audeo ad ista dicere,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 32, 78; id. Rep. 1, 18, 30.—Absol.:4.nec idem loqui, quod dicere,
Cic. Or. 32:est oratoris proprium, apte, distincte, ornate dicere,
id. Off. 1, 1, 2; so,de aliqua re pro aliquo, contra aliquem, etc., innumerable times in Cic. and Quint.: dixi, the t. t. at the end of a speech,
I have done, Cic. Verr. 1 fin. Ascon. and Zumpt, a. h. 1.;thus, dixerunt, the t. t. by which the praeco pronounced the speeches of the parties to be finished,
Quint. 1, 5, 43; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 6, 4, 7.— Transf. beyond the judicial sphere:causam nullam or causam haud dico,
I have no objection, Plaut. Mil. 5, 34; id. Capt. 3, 4, 92; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 42.—To describe, relate, sing, celebrate in writing (mostly poet.):b.tibi dicere laudes,
Tib. 1, 3, 31; so,laudes Phoebi et Dianae,
Hor. C. S. 76:Dianam, Cynthium, Latonam,
id. C. 1, 21, 1:Alciden puerosque Ledae,
id. ib. 1, 12, 25:caelestes, pugilemve equumve,
id. ib. 4, 2, 19:Pelidae stomachum,
id. ib. 1, 6, 5:bella,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Liv. 7, 29:carmen,
Hor. C. 1, 32, 3; id. C. S. 8; Tib. 2, 1, 54:modos,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 7:silvestrium naturas,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 138 et saep.:temporibus Augusti dicendis non defuere decora ingenia,
Tac. A. 1, 1; id. H. 1, 1:vir neque silendus neque dicendus sine cura,
Vell. 2, 13.—Of prophecies, to predict, foretell:5.bellicosis fata Quiritibus Hac lege dico, ne, etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 58:sortes per carmina,
id. A. P. 403:quicquid,
id. S. 2, 5, 59:hoc (Delphi),
Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 43 et saep.—To pronounce, articulate a letter, syllable, word: Demosthenem scribit Phalereus, cum Rho dicere nequiret, etc., Cic. Div. 2, 46, 96; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; Quint. 1, 4, 8; 1, 7, 21 al.—6.To call, to name: habitum quendam vitalem corporis esse, harmoniam Graii quam dicunt, Lucr. 3, 106; cf.: Latine dicimus elocutionem, quam Graeci phrasin vocant, Quint. 8, 1, 1:7.Chaoniamque omnem Trojano a Chaone dixit,
Verg. A. 3, 335:hic ames dici pater atque princeps,
Hor. Od. 1, 2, 50:uxor quondam tua dicta,
Verg. A. 2, 678 et saep. —Prov.:dici beatus ante obitum nemo debet,
Ov. M. 3, 135.—To name, appoint one to an office:8.ut consules roget praetor vel dictatorem dicat,
Cic. Att. 9, 15, 2: so,dictatorem,
Liv. 5, 9; 7, 26; 8, 29:consulem,
id. 10, 15; 24, 9; 26, 22 (thrice):magistrum equitum,
id. 6, 39:aedilem,
id. 9, 46:arbitrum bibendi,
Hor. Od. 2, 7, 26 et saep.—To appoint, set apart. fix upon, settle:9.nam mea bona meis cognatis dicam, inter eos partiam,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 113; cf. Pompon. ap. Non. 280, 19:dotis paululum vicino suo,
Afran. ib. 26:pecuniam omnem suam doti,
Cic. Fl. 35: quoniam inter nos nuptiae sunt dictae, Afran. ap. Non. 280, 24; cf.:diem nuptiis,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 75:diem operi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 57:diem juris,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 16:diem exercitui ad conveniendum Pharas,
Liv. 36, 8; cf. id. 42, 28, and v. dies:locum consiliis,
id. 25, 16:leges pacis,
id. 33, 12; cf.:leges victis,
id. 34, 57:legem tibi,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 18; Ov. M. 6, 137; cf.:legem sibi,
to give sentence upon one's self, id. ib. 13, 72:pretium muneri,
Hor. C. 4, 8, 12 et saep.—With inf.: prius data est, quam tibi dari dicta, Pac. ap. Non. 280, 28. — Pass. impers.:eodem Numida inermis, ut dictum erat, accedit,
Sall. J. 113, 6.—To utter, express, esp. in phrases:10.non dici potest, dici vix potest, etc.: non dici potest quam flagrem desiderio urbis,
Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1; 5, 17, 5:dici vix potest quanta sit vis, etc.,
id. Leg. 2, 15, 38; id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; id. Or. 17, 55; id. Red. ad Quir. 1, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 2, 8; 11, 3, 85.—(Mostly in colloq. lang.) Alicui, like our vulg. to tell one so and so, for to admonish, warn, threaten him:11.dicebam, pater, tibi, ne matri consuleres male,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 88; cf. Nep. Datam. 5; Ov. Am. 1, 14, 1.—Esp. freq.:tibi (ego) dico,
I tell you, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 30; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 76; id. Men. 2, 3, 27; id. Mil. 2, 2, 62 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 2, 33 Ruhnk.; id. ib. 4, 4, 23; id. Eun. 2, 3, 46; 87; Phaedr. 4, 19, 18; cf.:tibi dicimus,
Ov. H. 20, 153; id. M. 9, 122; so, dixi, I have said it, i. e. you may depend upon it, it shall be done, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 90; 92.—Dicere sacramentum or sacramento, to take an oath, to swear; v. sacramentum.II.Transf., i. q. intellego, Gr. phêmi, to mean so and so; it may sometimes be rendered in English by namely, to wit:A.nec quemquam vidi, qui magis ea, quae timenda esse negaret, timeret, mortem dico et deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 86; id. de Or. 3, 44, 174: M. Sequar ut institui divinum illum virum, quem saepius fortasse laudo quam necesse est. At. Platonem videlicet dicis, id. Leg. 3, 1:uxoris dico, non tuam,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 30 et saep.—Hence, dictum, i, n., something said, i. e. a saying, a word.In gen.: haut doctis dictis certantes sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.; acc. to Hertz.: nec maledictis); so,B.istaec dicta dicere,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 40:docta,
id. ib. 2, 2, 99; id. Men. 2, 1, 24; Lucr. 5, 113; cf.condocta,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 3:meum,
id. As. 2, 4, 1:ridiculum,
id. Capt. 3, 1, 22:minimum,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9:ferocibus dictis rem nobilitare,
Liv. 23, 47, 4 al.:ob admissum foede dictumve superbe,
Lucr. 5, 1224; cf.facete,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 73; id. Poen. 3, 3, 24; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 57; Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104 al.:lepide,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 103:absurde,
id. Capt. 1, 1, 3:vere,
Nep. Alc. 8, 4:ambigue,
Hor. A. P. 449 et saep.—Pleon.:feci ego istaec dicta quae vos dicitis (sc. me fecisse),
Plaut. Casin. 5, 4, 17.—In partic.1.A saying, maxim, proverb:2.aurea dicta,
Lucr. 3, 12; cf.veridica,
id. 6, 24: Catonis est dictum. Pedibus compensari pecuniam, Cic. Fl. 29 fin. Hence, the title of a work by Caesar: Dicta collectanea (his Apophthegmata, mentioned in Cic. Fam. 9, 16), Suet. Caes. 56.—Esp. freq.,For facete dictum, a witty saying, bon-mot, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 54 fin. (cf. Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 1 fin.); Cic. Phil. 2, 17; Quint. 6, 3, 2; 16; 36; Liv. 7, 33, 3; Hor. A. P. 273 et saep.; cf. also, dicterium.—3.Poetry, verse (abstr. and concr.): dicti studiosus, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 18, 71:4.rerum naturam expandere dictis,
Lucr. 1, 126; 5, 56:Ennius hirsuta cingat sua dicta corona,
Prop. 4 (5), 1, 61.—A prediction, prophecy, Lucr. 1, 103; Verg. A. 2, 115; Val. Fl. 2, 326 al.; cf. dictio.—5.An order, command:6.dicto paruit consul,
Liv. 9, 41; cf. Verg. A. 3, 189; Ov. M. 8, 815:haec dicta dedit,
Liv. 3, 61; cf. id. 7, 33; 8, 34; 22, 25 al.: dicto audientem esse and dicto audire alicui, v. audio.—A promise, assurance:illi dixerant sese dedituros... Cares, tamen, non dicto capti, etc.,
Nep. Milt. 2, 5; Fur. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 34. -
12 intendo
in-tendo, di, tum and sum, 3, v. a. ( part. intenditus, Fronto, Fer. Als. 3, 11 Mai.), to stretch out or forth, extend.I.Lit.A.In hunc intende digitum, hic lenost, point in scorn, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 45:B.dextram ad statuam,
Cic. Att. 16, 15:alicui manus,
Sen. Clem. 1, 25:bracchia,
Ov. M. 10, 58:manus,
id. ib. 8, 107:jubet intendi bracchia velis,
Verg. A. 5, 829:intenta bracchia remis, id. ib, 5, 136: ventis vela,
id. ib. 3, 683:nervos aut remittere,
Plin. 26, 10, 62, § 96:cutem,
id. 8, 35, 53, § 125:jamque manus Colchis crinemque intenderat astris,
Val. Fl. 8, 68.—To bend a bow, etc.:C.ballistam in aliquem,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 58:arcum,
Verg. A. 8, 704:intentus est arcus in me unum,
Cic. Sest. 7, 15.—To aim or direct at a thing:D.tela in patriam,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 9:tela intenta jugulis civitatis,
id. Pis. 2:sagittam,
Verg. A. 9, 590:telum in jugulum,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9.—To stretch or spread out; to stretch, lay or put upon a thing:II.tabernacula carbaseis intenta velis,
pitched, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30; 2, 5, 31, § 80:sella intenta loris,
Quint. 6, 3, 25:stuppea vincula collo Intendunt,
Verg. A. 2, 237:duro intendere bracchia tergo,
i. e. to bind with the cestus, id. ib. 5, 403:locum sertis,
encircled, surrounded, id. ib. 4, 506:vela secundi Intendunt Zephyri,
swell, fill, id. ib. 5, 33:intendentibus tenebris,
spreading, Liv. 1, 57, 8.—Trop.A.To strain or stretch towards, to extend:B.aciem acrem in omnes partes intendit,
turns keen looks on every side, Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 38:aciem longius,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 80:quo intendisset oculos,
whithersoever he turns his eyes, Tac. A. 4, 70:aures ad verba,
Ov. P. 4, 4, 36: cum putaret licere senatui, et mitigare leges et intendere, to stretch, i. e. increase the rigor of, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 17:numeros intendere nervis,
Verg. A. 9, 776 (per nervos intentos, Forbig.); cf.:strepitum fidis intendisse Latinae,
Pers. 6, 4.—Esp.1.To direct towards any thing, to turn or bend in any direction:2.digna est res ubi tu nervos intendas tuos,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 20:intendenda in senem est fallacia,
id. Heaut. 3, 2, 2:ut eo quo intendit, cum exercitu mature perveniat,
Cic. Mur. 9: iter, to direct one ' s course:ad explorandum quonam hostes iter intendissent,
Liv. 31, 33, 6:a porta ad praetorem iter intendit,
id. 36, 21:coeptum iter in Italiam,
id. 21, 29, 6; 27, 46, 9.— Absol.:quo nunc primum intendam,
whither shall I turn? Ter. And. 2, 2, 6.—Intendere animum, to direct one ' s thoughts or attention to any thing: quaero enim non quibus intendam rebus animum, sed, etc., Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 329, 6:3.parum defigunt animos et intendunt in ea, quae, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 15, 46:quo animum intendat, facile perspicio,
id. Verr. 1, 3;Liv. praef. 9: intentus animus tuus est ad fortissimum virum liberandum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 9:oculi mentesque ad pugnam intentae,
Caes. B. G. 3, 26:in ea re omnium nostrorum intentis animis,
id. ib. 3, 22:intendere animum in regnum Adherbalis,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ad bellum animum intendit,
id. ib. 43, 2:animum studiis et rebus honestis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 36:considerationem in aliquam rem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 33:omnes cogitationes ad aliquid,
Liv. 40, 5:omnium eo curae sunt intentae,
Liv. 9, 31; id. 25, 9:ad scribendum animum, oculos, manum,
Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 7: ubi ingenium intenderis, valet, Sall. J. 51, 3:eruditionem tuam,
Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 14. —Hence, intendere alone, to urge on, incite:4.intenderant eum ad cavendi omnia curam tot auditae proditiones,
Liv. 24, 37:aliquem ad custodiae curam,
id. 21, 49:vis omnis intendenda rebus,
Quint. 10, 7, 21.—To enlarge, spread, extend, magnify:C.intendetur socordia, si nullus ex se metus aut spes,
Tac. A. 2, 38:amici accendendis offensionibus callidi, intendere vera. adgerere falsa,
exaggerated, id. ib. 2, 57;4, 11: gloriam,
id. ib. 4, 26;12, 35: tormentum,
Cels. 4, 15 init. —Absol., to turn one ' s attention to, exert one ' s self for, to purpose, endeavor, intend:(β).pergin, sceleste, intendere hanc arguere?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 27 Brix:quod est tibi ante explicandum, quam illuc proficiscare, quo te dicis intendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 42:quod ubi secus procedit, neque quod intenderat, efficere potest,
Sall. J. 25, 10:quocumque intenderat,
id. ib. 74, 2; cf. id. ib. 64, 1;102, 1: genera lectionum, quae praecipue convenire intendentibus, ut oratores fiant,
Quint. 10, 1, 45:ad nuptias,
Just. 13, 6.—With inf.:D.quo ire intenderant,
Sall. J. 107, 7:altum petere intendit,
Liv. 36, 44.—Intendere se, to exert one ' s self, prepare for any thing:E.se ad firmitatem,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 23:se in rem,
Quint. 4, 1, 39: qui se intenderunt adversarios in ejus tribunatum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 2.—Intendere animo, to purpose in one ' s mind, to intend:F.si C. Antonius, quod animo intenderat, perficere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9.—To maintain, assert:G.eam sese intendit esse,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 19.—Esp., as leg. t. t., to aver, maintain, assert as a plaintiff in court:quo modo nunc intendit,
Cic. Quint. 29, 88: si quod intendit adversarius tuus, probationibus implere non possit, Vet. cujusd. Jurec. Consult. 6, 16 Huschke; Dig. 10, 4, 9, § 6. —To threaten with any thing, to seek to bring upon, to afflict with:H.alicui actionem perduellionis,
Cic. Mil. 14:alicui litem,
id. de Or. 1, 10:periculum in omnes,
id. Rosc. Am. 3:crimen in aliquem,
Liv. 9, 26:injuriarum formulam,
Suet. Vit. 7:probra et minas alicui,
Tac. A. 3, 36:metum intendere,
id. ib. 1, 28.—Intendere in se, to contemplate one ' s self: quid sit Deus: totus in se intendat, an ad nos aliquando respiciat, Sen. Q. N. praef. 1.—I.Intendere alicui, to be intended for a person, Stat. S. 3 praef.—K.In rhet., to premise, to state as the proposition of a syllogism, Quint. 5, 14, 10.—L.In gram., to make long, to use (a syllable) as long:1.primam syllabam intendit, tertiam corripuit,
Gell. 13, 22. 18. — Hence, P. a. in two forms.inten-tus, a, um.A. B. (α).With dat.:(β).quem pueri intenti ludo exercent,
Verg. A. 7, 380:intentus recipiendo exercitui esse,
Liv. 10, 42, 1.—With abl.:C.aliquo negotio intentus,
Sall. C. 2; id. ib. 4; 54.—Absol., eager, intent:D.at Romani domi militiaeque intenti festinare,
Sall. C. 6, 5:senatus nihil sane intentus,
id. ib. 16, 5:intenti exspectant signum,
Verg. A. 5, 137:intenti ora tenebant,
id. ib. 2, 1:totam causam quam maxime intentis, quod aiunt, oculis contemplari,
Cic. Fl. 11:intentaque tuis precibus se praebuit aure,
Tib. 4, 1, 132. — Comp.:intentiore custodia aliquem asservare,
Liv. 39, 19.— Sup.:cum intentissima conquisitione ad triginta milia peditum confecisset,
Liv. 29, 35:intentissima cura aliquid consequi,
Quint. 10, 1, 111:haec omnia intentissima cura acta,
Liv. 25, 22, 4. —Strict:E.intentum et magnis delictis inexorabilem scias,
Tac. A. 12, 42:intentius delectum habere,
Liv. 8, 17:intentiorem fore disciplinam,
Tac. A. 12, 42.—Raised:F.intento alimentorum pretio,
Tac. H. 1, 89. —Of speech and style, vigorous, nervous:2.sermo,
Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:pars orationis,
id. ib. 2, 52, 211. — Adv.: in-tentē, with earnestness, attentively, intently:pronuntiare,
Plin. Ep. 5, 19:audire,
Quint. 2, 2, 13.— Comp. (cf. intense):cum delectus intentius haberetur,
Liv. 8, 17:et quo intentius custodiae serventur,
id. 25, 30, 5:apparare proelium,
id. 8, 1:se excusare,
Tac. A. 3, 35:premere obsessos,
id. ib. 15, 13:adesse alicui rei,
id. ib. 11, 11.— Sup.:exspectans intentissime,
Lampr. Elag. 14. —intensus, a, um.A. B.Violent:C.intensior impetus,
Sen. Ira, 2, 35:virtus in mediocribus modice intensior,
Nazar. Pan. ad Const. 23, 2.—Attentive; sup., Aug. Ep. 56 al.— Adv.: intensē, violently; comp.: intensius, Fronto de Fer. Als. 3 Mai.; Schol. Juv. 11, 15; sup.:intensissime,
Aug. Mor. Eccl. 19. -
13 intense
in-tendo, di, tum and sum, 3, v. a. ( part. intenditus, Fronto, Fer. Als. 3, 11 Mai.), to stretch out or forth, extend.I.Lit.A.In hunc intende digitum, hic lenost, point in scorn, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 45:B.dextram ad statuam,
Cic. Att. 16, 15:alicui manus,
Sen. Clem. 1, 25:bracchia,
Ov. M. 10, 58:manus,
id. ib. 8, 107:jubet intendi bracchia velis,
Verg. A. 5, 829:intenta bracchia remis, id. ib, 5, 136: ventis vela,
id. ib. 3, 683:nervos aut remittere,
Plin. 26, 10, 62, § 96:cutem,
id. 8, 35, 53, § 125:jamque manus Colchis crinemque intenderat astris,
Val. Fl. 8, 68.—To bend a bow, etc.:C.ballistam in aliquem,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 58:arcum,
Verg. A. 8, 704:intentus est arcus in me unum,
Cic. Sest. 7, 15.—To aim or direct at a thing:D.tela in patriam,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 9:tela intenta jugulis civitatis,
id. Pis. 2:sagittam,
Verg. A. 9, 590:telum in jugulum,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9.—To stretch or spread out; to stretch, lay or put upon a thing:II.tabernacula carbaseis intenta velis,
pitched, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30; 2, 5, 31, § 80:sella intenta loris,
Quint. 6, 3, 25:stuppea vincula collo Intendunt,
Verg. A. 2, 237:duro intendere bracchia tergo,
i. e. to bind with the cestus, id. ib. 5, 403:locum sertis,
encircled, surrounded, id. ib. 4, 506:vela secundi Intendunt Zephyri,
swell, fill, id. ib. 5, 33:intendentibus tenebris,
spreading, Liv. 1, 57, 8.—Trop.A.To strain or stretch towards, to extend:B.aciem acrem in omnes partes intendit,
turns keen looks on every side, Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 38:aciem longius,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 80:quo intendisset oculos,
whithersoever he turns his eyes, Tac. A. 4, 70:aures ad verba,
Ov. P. 4, 4, 36: cum putaret licere senatui, et mitigare leges et intendere, to stretch, i. e. increase the rigor of, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 17:numeros intendere nervis,
Verg. A. 9, 776 (per nervos intentos, Forbig.); cf.:strepitum fidis intendisse Latinae,
Pers. 6, 4.—Esp.1.To direct towards any thing, to turn or bend in any direction:2.digna est res ubi tu nervos intendas tuos,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 20:intendenda in senem est fallacia,
id. Heaut. 3, 2, 2:ut eo quo intendit, cum exercitu mature perveniat,
Cic. Mur. 9: iter, to direct one ' s course:ad explorandum quonam hostes iter intendissent,
Liv. 31, 33, 6:a porta ad praetorem iter intendit,
id. 36, 21:coeptum iter in Italiam,
id. 21, 29, 6; 27, 46, 9.— Absol.:quo nunc primum intendam,
whither shall I turn? Ter. And. 2, 2, 6.—Intendere animum, to direct one ' s thoughts or attention to any thing: quaero enim non quibus intendam rebus animum, sed, etc., Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 329, 6:3.parum defigunt animos et intendunt in ea, quae, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 15, 46:quo animum intendat, facile perspicio,
id. Verr. 1, 3;Liv. praef. 9: intentus animus tuus est ad fortissimum virum liberandum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 9:oculi mentesque ad pugnam intentae,
Caes. B. G. 3, 26:in ea re omnium nostrorum intentis animis,
id. ib. 3, 22:intendere animum in regnum Adherbalis,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ad bellum animum intendit,
id. ib. 43, 2:animum studiis et rebus honestis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 36:considerationem in aliquam rem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 33:omnes cogitationes ad aliquid,
Liv. 40, 5:omnium eo curae sunt intentae,
Liv. 9, 31; id. 25, 9:ad scribendum animum, oculos, manum,
Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 7: ubi ingenium intenderis, valet, Sall. J. 51, 3:eruditionem tuam,
Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 14. —Hence, intendere alone, to urge on, incite:4.intenderant eum ad cavendi omnia curam tot auditae proditiones,
Liv. 24, 37:aliquem ad custodiae curam,
id. 21, 49:vis omnis intendenda rebus,
Quint. 10, 7, 21.—To enlarge, spread, extend, magnify:C.intendetur socordia, si nullus ex se metus aut spes,
Tac. A. 2, 38:amici accendendis offensionibus callidi, intendere vera. adgerere falsa,
exaggerated, id. ib. 2, 57;4, 11: gloriam,
id. ib. 4, 26;12, 35: tormentum,
Cels. 4, 15 init. —Absol., to turn one ' s attention to, exert one ' s self for, to purpose, endeavor, intend:(β).pergin, sceleste, intendere hanc arguere?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 27 Brix:quod est tibi ante explicandum, quam illuc proficiscare, quo te dicis intendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 42:quod ubi secus procedit, neque quod intenderat, efficere potest,
Sall. J. 25, 10:quocumque intenderat,
id. ib. 74, 2; cf. id. ib. 64, 1;102, 1: genera lectionum, quae praecipue convenire intendentibus, ut oratores fiant,
Quint. 10, 1, 45:ad nuptias,
Just. 13, 6.—With inf.:D.quo ire intenderant,
Sall. J. 107, 7:altum petere intendit,
Liv. 36, 44.—Intendere se, to exert one ' s self, prepare for any thing:E.se ad firmitatem,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 23:se in rem,
Quint. 4, 1, 39: qui se intenderunt adversarios in ejus tribunatum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 2.—Intendere animo, to purpose in one ' s mind, to intend:F.si C. Antonius, quod animo intenderat, perficere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9.—To maintain, assert:G.eam sese intendit esse,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 19.—Esp., as leg. t. t., to aver, maintain, assert as a plaintiff in court:quo modo nunc intendit,
Cic. Quint. 29, 88: si quod intendit adversarius tuus, probationibus implere non possit, Vet. cujusd. Jurec. Consult. 6, 16 Huschke; Dig. 10, 4, 9, § 6. —To threaten with any thing, to seek to bring upon, to afflict with:H.alicui actionem perduellionis,
Cic. Mil. 14:alicui litem,
id. de Or. 1, 10:periculum in omnes,
id. Rosc. Am. 3:crimen in aliquem,
Liv. 9, 26:injuriarum formulam,
Suet. Vit. 7:probra et minas alicui,
Tac. A. 3, 36:metum intendere,
id. ib. 1, 28.—Intendere in se, to contemplate one ' s self: quid sit Deus: totus in se intendat, an ad nos aliquando respiciat, Sen. Q. N. praef. 1.—I.Intendere alicui, to be intended for a person, Stat. S. 3 praef.—K.In rhet., to premise, to state as the proposition of a syllogism, Quint. 5, 14, 10.—L.In gram., to make long, to use (a syllable) as long:1.primam syllabam intendit, tertiam corripuit,
Gell. 13, 22. 18. — Hence, P. a. in two forms.inten-tus, a, um.A. B. (α).With dat.:(β).quem pueri intenti ludo exercent,
Verg. A. 7, 380:intentus recipiendo exercitui esse,
Liv. 10, 42, 1.—With abl.:C.aliquo negotio intentus,
Sall. C. 2; id. ib. 4; 54.—Absol., eager, intent:D.at Romani domi militiaeque intenti festinare,
Sall. C. 6, 5:senatus nihil sane intentus,
id. ib. 16, 5:intenti exspectant signum,
Verg. A. 5, 137:intenti ora tenebant,
id. ib. 2, 1:totam causam quam maxime intentis, quod aiunt, oculis contemplari,
Cic. Fl. 11:intentaque tuis precibus se praebuit aure,
Tib. 4, 1, 132. — Comp.:intentiore custodia aliquem asservare,
Liv. 39, 19.— Sup.:cum intentissima conquisitione ad triginta milia peditum confecisset,
Liv. 29, 35:intentissima cura aliquid consequi,
Quint. 10, 1, 111:haec omnia intentissima cura acta,
Liv. 25, 22, 4. —Strict:E.intentum et magnis delictis inexorabilem scias,
Tac. A. 12, 42:intentius delectum habere,
Liv. 8, 17:intentiorem fore disciplinam,
Tac. A. 12, 42.—Raised:F.intento alimentorum pretio,
Tac. H. 1, 89. —Of speech and style, vigorous, nervous:2.sermo,
Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:pars orationis,
id. ib. 2, 52, 211. — Adv.: in-tentē, with earnestness, attentively, intently:pronuntiare,
Plin. Ep. 5, 19:audire,
Quint. 2, 2, 13.— Comp. (cf. intense):cum delectus intentius haberetur,
Liv. 8, 17:et quo intentius custodiae serventur,
id. 25, 30, 5:apparare proelium,
id. 8, 1:se excusare,
Tac. A. 3, 35:premere obsessos,
id. ib. 15, 13:adesse alicui rei,
id. ib. 11, 11.— Sup.:exspectans intentissime,
Lampr. Elag. 14. —intensus, a, um.A. B.Violent:C.intensior impetus,
Sen. Ira, 2, 35:virtus in mediocribus modice intensior,
Nazar. Pan. ad Const. 23, 2.—Attentive; sup., Aug. Ep. 56 al.— Adv.: intensē, violently; comp.: intensius, Fronto de Fer. Als. 3 Mai.; Schol. Juv. 11, 15; sup.:intensissime,
Aug. Mor. Eccl. 19. -
14 intensus
in-tendo, di, tum and sum, 3, v. a. ( part. intenditus, Fronto, Fer. Als. 3, 11 Mai.), to stretch out or forth, extend.I.Lit.A.In hunc intende digitum, hic lenost, point in scorn, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 45:B.dextram ad statuam,
Cic. Att. 16, 15:alicui manus,
Sen. Clem. 1, 25:bracchia,
Ov. M. 10, 58:manus,
id. ib. 8, 107:jubet intendi bracchia velis,
Verg. A. 5, 829:intenta bracchia remis, id. ib, 5, 136: ventis vela,
id. ib. 3, 683:nervos aut remittere,
Plin. 26, 10, 62, § 96:cutem,
id. 8, 35, 53, § 125:jamque manus Colchis crinemque intenderat astris,
Val. Fl. 8, 68.—To bend a bow, etc.:C.ballistam in aliquem,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 58:arcum,
Verg. A. 8, 704:intentus est arcus in me unum,
Cic. Sest. 7, 15.—To aim or direct at a thing:D.tela in patriam,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 9:tela intenta jugulis civitatis,
id. Pis. 2:sagittam,
Verg. A. 9, 590:telum in jugulum,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9.—To stretch or spread out; to stretch, lay or put upon a thing:II.tabernacula carbaseis intenta velis,
pitched, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 30; 2, 5, 31, § 80:sella intenta loris,
Quint. 6, 3, 25:stuppea vincula collo Intendunt,
Verg. A. 2, 237:duro intendere bracchia tergo,
i. e. to bind with the cestus, id. ib. 5, 403:locum sertis,
encircled, surrounded, id. ib. 4, 506:vela secundi Intendunt Zephyri,
swell, fill, id. ib. 5, 33:intendentibus tenebris,
spreading, Liv. 1, 57, 8.—Trop.A.To strain or stretch towards, to extend:B.aciem acrem in omnes partes intendit,
turns keen looks on every side, Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 38:aciem longius,
id. Ac. 2, 25, 80:quo intendisset oculos,
whithersoever he turns his eyes, Tac. A. 4, 70:aures ad verba,
Ov. P. 4, 4, 36: cum putaret licere senatui, et mitigare leges et intendere, to stretch, i. e. increase the rigor of, Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 17:numeros intendere nervis,
Verg. A. 9, 776 (per nervos intentos, Forbig.); cf.:strepitum fidis intendisse Latinae,
Pers. 6, 4.—Esp.1.To direct towards any thing, to turn or bend in any direction:2.digna est res ubi tu nervos intendas tuos,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 20:intendenda in senem est fallacia,
id. Heaut. 3, 2, 2:ut eo quo intendit, cum exercitu mature perveniat,
Cic. Mur. 9: iter, to direct one ' s course:ad explorandum quonam hostes iter intendissent,
Liv. 31, 33, 6:a porta ad praetorem iter intendit,
id. 36, 21:coeptum iter in Italiam,
id. 21, 29, 6; 27, 46, 9.— Absol.:quo nunc primum intendam,
whither shall I turn? Ter. And. 2, 2, 6.—Intendere animum, to direct one ' s thoughts or attention to any thing: quaero enim non quibus intendam rebus animum, sed, etc., Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 329, 6:3.parum defigunt animos et intendunt in ea, quae, etc.,
id. Ac. 2, 15, 46:quo animum intendat, facile perspicio,
id. Verr. 1, 3;Liv. praef. 9: intentus animus tuus est ad fortissimum virum liberandum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 9:oculi mentesque ad pugnam intentae,
Caes. B. G. 3, 26:in ea re omnium nostrorum intentis animis,
id. ib. 3, 22:intendere animum in regnum Adherbalis,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ad bellum animum intendit,
id. ib. 43, 2:animum studiis et rebus honestis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 36:considerationem in aliquam rem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 33:omnes cogitationes ad aliquid,
Liv. 40, 5:omnium eo curae sunt intentae,
Liv. 9, 31; id. 25, 9:ad scribendum animum, oculos, manum,
Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 7: ubi ingenium intenderis, valet, Sall. J. 51, 3:eruditionem tuam,
Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 14. —Hence, intendere alone, to urge on, incite:4.intenderant eum ad cavendi omnia curam tot auditae proditiones,
Liv. 24, 37:aliquem ad custodiae curam,
id. 21, 49:vis omnis intendenda rebus,
Quint. 10, 7, 21.—To enlarge, spread, extend, magnify:C.intendetur socordia, si nullus ex se metus aut spes,
Tac. A. 2, 38:amici accendendis offensionibus callidi, intendere vera. adgerere falsa,
exaggerated, id. ib. 2, 57;4, 11: gloriam,
id. ib. 4, 26;12, 35: tormentum,
Cels. 4, 15 init. —Absol., to turn one ' s attention to, exert one ' s self for, to purpose, endeavor, intend:(β).pergin, sceleste, intendere hanc arguere?
Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 27 Brix:quod est tibi ante explicandum, quam illuc proficiscare, quo te dicis intendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 42:quod ubi secus procedit, neque quod intenderat, efficere potest,
Sall. J. 25, 10:quocumque intenderat,
id. ib. 74, 2; cf. id. ib. 64, 1;102, 1: genera lectionum, quae praecipue convenire intendentibus, ut oratores fiant,
Quint. 10, 1, 45:ad nuptias,
Just. 13, 6.—With inf.:D.quo ire intenderant,
Sall. J. 107, 7:altum petere intendit,
Liv. 36, 44.—Intendere se, to exert one ' s self, prepare for any thing:E.se ad firmitatem,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 23:se in rem,
Quint. 4, 1, 39: qui se intenderunt adversarios in ejus tribunatum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 2.—Intendere animo, to purpose in one ' s mind, to intend:F.si C. Antonius, quod animo intenderat, perficere potuisset,
Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9.—To maintain, assert:G.eam sese intendit esse,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 19.—Esp., as leg. t. t., to aver, maintain, assert as a plaintiff in court:quo modo nunc intendit,
Cic. Quint. 29, 88: si quod intendit adversarius tuus, probationibus implere non possit, Vet. cujusd. Jurec. Consult. 6, 16 Huschke; Dig. 10, 4, 9, § 6. —To threaten with any thing, to seek to bring upon, to afflict with:H.alicui actionem perduellionis,
Cic. Mil. 14:alicui litem,
id. de Or. 1, 10:periculum in omnes,
id. Rosc. Am. 3:crimen in aliquem,
Liv. 9, 26:injuriarum formulam,
Suet. Vit. 7:probra et minas alicui,
Tac. A. 3, 36:metum intendere,
id. ib. 1, 28.—Intendere in se, to contemplate one ' s self: quid sit Deus: totus in se intendat, an ad nos aliquando respiciat, Sen. Q. N. praef. 1.—I.Intendere alicui, to be intended for a person, Stat. S. 3 praef.—K.In rhet., to premise, to state as the proposition of a syllogism, Quint. 5, 14, 10.—L.In gram., to make long, to use (a syllable) as long:1.primam syllabam intendit, tertiam corripuit,
Gell. 13, 22. 18. — Hence, P. a. in two forms.inten-tus, a, um.A. B. (α).With dat.:(β).quem pueri intenti ludo exercent,
Verg. A. 7, 380:intentus recipiendo exercitui esse,
Liv. 10, 42, 1.—With abl.:C.aliquo negotio intentus,
Sall. C. 2; id. ib. 4; 54.—Absol., eager, intent:D.at Romani domi militiaeque intenti festinare,
Sall. C. 6, 5:senatus nihil sane intentus,
id. ib. 16, 5:intenti exspectant signum,
Verg. A. 5, 137:intenti ora tenebant,
id. ib. 2, 1:totam causam quam maxime intentis, quod aiunt, oculis contemplari,
Cic. Fl. 11:intentaque tuis precibus se praebuit aure,
Tib. 4, 1, 132. — Comp.:intentiore custodia aliquem asservare,
Liv. 39, 19.— Sup.:cum intentissima conquisitione ad triginta milia peditum confecisset,
Liv. 29, 35:intentissima cura aliquid consequi,
Quint. 10, 1, 111:haec omnia intentissima cura acta,
Liv. 25, 22, 4. —Strict:E.intentum et magnis delictis inexorabilem scias,
Tac. A. 12, 42:intentius delectum habere,
Liv. 8, 17:intentiorem fore disciplinam,
Tac. A. 12, 42.—Raised:F.intento alimentorum pretio,
Tac. H. 1, 89. —Of speech and style, vigorous, nervous:2.sermo,
Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255:pars orationis,
id. ib. 2, 52, 211. — Adv.: in-tentē, with earnestness, attentively, intently:pronuntiare,
Plin. Ep. 5, 19:audire,
Quint. 2, 2, 13.— Comp. (cf. intense):cum delectus intentius haberetur,
Liv. 8, 17:et quo intentius custodiae serventur,
id. 25, 30, 5:apparare proelium,
id. 8, 1:se excusare,
Tac. A. 3, 35:premere obsessos,
id. ib. 15, 13:adesse alicui rei,
id. ib. 11, 11.— Sup.:exspectans intentissime,
Lampr. Elag. 14. —intensus, a, um.A. B.Violent:C.intensior impetus,
Sen. Ira, 2, 35:virtus in mediocribus modice intensior,
Nazar. Pan. ad Const. 23, 2.—Attentive; sup., Aug. Ep. 56 al.— Adv.: intensē, violently; comp.: intensius, Fronto de Fer. Als. 3 Mai.; Schol. Juv. 11, 15; sup.:intensissime,
Aug. Mor. Eccl. 19. -
15 φοβέω
Aφοβεόντων Hdt.7.235
: [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. : [tense] fut. (lyr.), ([etym.] ἐκ-) Th.4.126 (dub.): [tense] aor.ἐφόβησα Il.15.15
, etc.:—[voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., [dialect] Ion. 2 sing.φοβέαι Hdt.1.39
; [dialect] Ion. imper. φοβεῦ or φοβέο, Id.1.9, 7.52: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. [tense] impf.φοβέοντο Il.6.41
: [tense] fut.φοβήσομαι 22.250
, Pl.Lg. 649c, D.15.23, etc.;φοβηθήσομαι X.Cyr.3.3.30
, Plu.Brut.40, Luc.Zeux.9, v.l. in Pl.R. 470a: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass.ἐφοβήθην Hdt.8.27
, etc., [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἐφόβηθεν or φόβηθεν, Il.15.326,5.498; [tense] aor. [voice] Med. ἐφοβησάμην only Anacreont.31.11: [tense] pf.πεφόβημαι Il.10.510
, etc.: [tense] plpf. [ per.] 3pl.ἐπεφόβηντο X.HG7.4.32
, Th.5.50, [dialect] Ep.πεφοβήατο Il.21.206
.A [voice] Act., in Hom. (never in Od.) always in the sense put to flight, [ἴρηξ] ἐφόβησε κολοιούς Il.16.583
; [Ζεὺς] καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ ib. 689;Τρώων οὓς ἐφόβησας 22.11
;φοβῆσαίτε στίχας ἀνδρῶν 17.505
;σὸς δόλος.. ἐφόβησε δὲ λαούς 15.15
;σέ γέ φημι.. δουρὶ φοβῆσαι 20.187
; once in Hes., φοβέεσκον ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ' ἀνθρώπων l.c.II terrify, alarm, Hdt.7.235, etc.;μὴ φίλους φόβει A.Th. 262
; , cf. 1013, E.Hipp. 572 (lyr.); ;αἱ κάμηλοι ἐφόβουν τους ἵππους X.Cyr.7.1.48
;ρὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην ἐφόβουν, μὴ.. ἐπαγάγωνται Th.5.45
; c. dat.modi, (troch.);μεγαληγορίαισι φρένας E.Heracl. 357
(lyr.); τῷ μὲν Τισσαφέρνει τοὺς Ἀθηναίους φ., ἐκείνοις δὲ τὸν Τισσαφέρνην to frighten the Athenians with T., and T. with the Athenians, Th.8.82; c. part., λέγοντες φ. τινάς by saying, X.Eq.Mag.1.8; λέγοντες ὡς ἥξει βασιλεύς D 14.25: abs., (lyr.), by terror,Pl.
R. 551b.2 c.acc. rei, threaten with,φ. λιμόν D.H.6.51
.B [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., in Hom. always in the sense to be put to flight (cf. Sch.A Il.5.223, al.), once in Od.,κύνες.. διὰ σταθμοῖο φόβηθεν 16.163
; freq. in Il., ;τοὶ δ' ἐφόβηθεν.. θεσπεσίῳ ὁμάδῳ 16.294
;κὰμ μέσσον πεδίον φοβέοντο βόες ὣς ἅς τε λέων ἐφόβησε 11.172
; also part.,μὴ καὶ πεφοβημένος ἔλθης 10.510
, cf. 15.4, 21.606; in flight,6.135
;βῆ δὲ φοβηθείς 22.137
: ὑπό τινος φοβέεσθαι to flee before him, 8.149;ὑπό τινι 15.637
; c. acc.,οὔ σ' ἔτι.. φοβήσομαι ὡς τὸ πάρος περ 22.250
.1 abs., (anap.); φοβηθέντες ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες flying in terror, Aeschin.1.43; ἃ μὴ οἶδα.. οὐδέποτε φοβήσομαι οὐδὲ φεύξομαι, Pl.Ap. 29b, etc.: c. dat. instrum.,μάστιγι φ. E.Rh.37
(anap.): c. acc. cogn.,φ. αἰσχροὺς φόβους Pl.Prt. 360b
;ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν Ev.Marc.4.41
;τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῆτε 1 Ep.Pet.3.14
.2 folld. by Preps., φ. ἀπό τινος to be afraid of one (prob. a Hebraism), LXXLe.26.2, Je.1.8, Ev.Matt.10.28, Ev.Luc.12.4; ἔκ τινος from some cause, S.Tr. 671; εἴς τι to be alarmed at a thing, Id.OT 980; , Luc.Prom.Es4, Lib.Or.50.18; ἐπί τινι fear for.. Luc. DMar.14.4; but φ. ἀμφὶ γυναικί fear about.., Hdt.6.62;περὶ ἡμῶν X. Cyr.5.2.35
, etc.; (περὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τὸ κατάδηλον Th.4.123
);περὶ χωρίῳ Id.2.90
;ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων And.4.36
; ;πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ἢ τέκνων S.Tr. 150
.3 folld. by a relat. clause, φοβεῑσθαι μὴ .. fear lest a thing will be.., E.Or. 770 (troch.), Ar. Pax 606 (troch.), Th.1.95, etc.; φ. ὅπως μὴ .. Id.6.13, X.Mem.2.9.3; φ. μὴ οὐ .. Id.Oec.16.6; freq. c.acc. folld. by μή, ταῦτ' οὖν φοβοῦμαι, μὴ .. S.Tr. 550, cf. X.An.7.1.2; φ. τοὺς οὐσίαν κεκτημένους, μὴ .. Pl.Phdr. 232c, cf. Th.1.88, etc.; φ. ὑπέρ τινος, μὴ .. Pl.R. 387c; c. inf. folld. byμή, φοβοίμην ἂν τῷ ἡγεμόνι ἕπεσθαι, μὴ ἀγάγῃ κτλ. X.An.1.3.17
, cf. Pl.Tht. 143e, Grg. 457e: also φ. ὅτι.., = φ. μὴ .., in a more positive sense, X.Cyr.3.1.1, D.C.52.26; φ. τόδε, ὅτι .. Th.7.67 (but φ. τὸ κάεσθαι, ὅτι ἀλγεινόν because.., Pl.Grg. 479a): διὰ τοῦτο φ. τινας, o(/ti .. lsoc.6.60; less freq. φ. ὡς .. X.Cyr.5.2.12; φ. πῶς χρὴ .. ib.4.5.19; φ. εἰ δεήσει .. ib.6.1.17.4 c. inf. with Art.,φ. τὸ ἀποθνῄσκειν Pl.Grg. 522e
, etc.: more freq. c. inf. alone, fear to do, be afraid of doing, A.Ch.46 (lyr.), S.Aj. 253 (lyr.), E. Ion 628, etc.: c. inf. [tense] fut., Th. 5.105.5 c. acc. pers., stand in awe of, dread,δαίμονας τοὺς ἐνθάδε A.Supp. 893
;στρατὸν Ἀχαιῶν S.Ph. 1250
;τοὺς ἄνω θεούς Pl.Lg. 927b
, cf. Isoc.1.16, etc.;τὰς κύνας X.Cyn.5.16
, etc.6 c. acc. rei, fear or fear about a thing, ;τὸ προσέρπον S.Aj. 227
(lyr.); ;τὸ τοιοῦτον σῶμα Pl.Phdr. 239d
;δουλείαν καὶ δεσμόν X.Cyr.3.1.24
.7 c. gen., πεφοβημένος νυκτός, θαλάσσης, Arat.290, 766.8 c. part.,προδιδοὺς φοβηθείς Lycurg.17
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16 menace
'menəs
1. noun1) (something likely to cause injury, damage etc: Traffic is a menace on narrow roads.) amenaza, peligro2) (a threat or show of hostility: His voice was full of menace.) amenaza
2. verb(to threaten: menaced by danger.) amenazar- menacing- menacingly
menace n amenaza / peligrotr['menəs]1 amenazar ( with, de)1) threaten: amenazar2) endanger: poner en peligromenace n: amenaza fn.• amago s.m.• amenaza s.f.• espanto s.m.• peste s.f.v.• amenazar v.'menəs, 'menɪs1)a) u ( threatening quality)b) c ( threat) amenaza fto demand money with menaces — (BrE Law) exigir* dinero con intimidación
2) ca) ( danger) amenaza fa menace TO somebody/something — una amenaza para alguien/algo
b) ( nuisance) (colloq) peligro m público['menɪs]1. N1) (no pl) (=intimidation)2) (=danger) peligro m, amenaza f3) (=threat) amenaza f4) * (=person)he's a menace — (child) es un diablillo *; (adult) es un peligro público
2.VT amenazar* * *['menəs, 'menɪs]1)a) u ( threatening quality)b) c ( threat) amenaza fto demand money with menaces — (BrE Law) exigir* dinero con intimidación
2) ca) ( danger) amenaza fa menace TO somebody/something — una amenaza para alguien/algo
b) ( nuisance) (colloq) peligro m público -
17 Д-107
ИМЕТЬ ДЕЛО VP subj: human or collect)1. \Д-107 с кем-чем to encounter, come across s.o. or sth. (a rare phenomenon, strange fact, unusual personality etc)X имеет дело с Y-ом - X is dealing with YX is faced X meets with thing Y (in refer, to people or phenomena that challenge or threaten one) X is up against YX знаетпонимает и т. п.), с кем (чем) он имеет дело — (in limited contexts) X knows (understands etc) who (what) Y is.Мы имеем дело с явлением, которое наука пока объяснить не может. We are dealing with a phenomenon that science has not yet been able to explain.Его (императора) крайне забавляло, что она (девушка) не догадывалась вовсе, с кем имеет дело, и держала себя с ним на равных (Окуджава 2). Не (the emperor) was vastly amused that she (the girl) had no idea who he was and behaved as though they were equals (2a)2. - с кем ( obj: human or collectoften infin with можно, нельзя, трудно, приятно, не хочу, не советую etc) to have or enter into some kind of relations with s.o. ( occas. in refer, to an argument, fight, or punishment)X имеет дело с Y-ом — X deals (has dealings) with YX не хочет иметь дело с Y-ом - X doesn't want to deal (have (any) dealings, have any truck, be involved) with YX doesn't want (to have) anything to do with YX будет иметь дело с Y-ом (used as a threat) X will have Y to reckon with.«Ведь нельзя же иметь дело с человеком, который никого не слушает!» (Булгаков 12). "How can one deal with a man who never listens to anybody?" (12a).Ипполит Матвеевич никогда ещё не имел дела с таким темпераментным молодым человеком, как Бендер... (Ильф и Петров 1). Ippo lit Matveyevich had never had dealings with so spirited a young man as Ostap Bender... (1a).Социальное действие... есть действие (индивида) по отношению к другому индивиду или к другим индивидам... К числу таких действий относятся часто встречающиеся действия, которые можно обозначить как действия «Я готов на всё, что вам угодно», «На меня можно рассчитывать», «Я с вами не хочу иметь дела» и т. п. (Зиновьев 1). A social action...is an action (of an individual) directed towards another individual or to other individuals....Such actions include frequent examples of the type "I am willing to do anything you want," "You can count on me," "I don't want anything to do with you," and so on (1a).3. - с чем (prep obj: usu. a noun denoting an instrument, gadget, object, or material one works with) to make use of sth.: X имел дело с Y-ом = X used (dealt with, handled) Y.Я никогда не имел дела с электрон'и.im микроскопом, но уверен, что научусь быстро. I've never used an electron microscope before, but I'm sure I'll learn quickly. -
18 иметь дело
[VP; subj: human or collect]=====1. иметь дело с кем-чем to encounter, come across s.o. or sth. (a rare phenomenon, strange fact, unusual personality etc): X имеет дело с Y-ом ≈ X is dealing with Y; X is faced (confronted) with thing Y; X meets with thing Y; [in refer, to people or phenomena that challenge or threaten one] X is up against Y; || X знает( понимает и т. п.), с кем (чем) он имеет дело ≈ [in limited contexts]⇒ X knows (understands etc) who (what) Y is.♦ Мы имеем дело с явлением, которое наука пока объяснить не может. We are dealing with a phenomenon that science has not yet been able to explain.♦ Его [императора] крайне забавляло, что она [ девушка] не догадывалась вовсе, с кем имеет дело, и держала себя с ним на равных (Окуджава 2). Не [the emperor] was vastly amused that she [the girl] had no idea who he was and behaved as though they were equals (2a)2. иметь дело с кем [obj: human or collect; often infin with можно, нельзя, трудно, приятно, не хочу, не советую etc]⇒ to have or enter into some kind of relations with s.o. (occas. in refer, to an argument, fight, or punishment):|| X не хочет иметь дело с Y-ом≈ X doesn't want to deal (have (any) dealings, have any truck, be involved) with Y;♦ "Ведь нельзя же иметь дело с человеком, который никого не слушает!" (Булгаков 12). "How can one deal with a man who never listens to anybody?" (12a).♦ Ипполит Матвеевич никогда ещё не имел дела с таким темпераментным молодым человеком, как Бендер... (Ильф и Петров 1). Ippolit Matveyevich had never had dealings with so spirited a young man as Ostap Bender... (1a).♦ Социальное действие... есть действие [индивида] по отношению к другому индивиду или к другим индивидам... К числу таких действий относятся часто встречающиеся действия, которые можно обозначить как действия "Я готов на всё, что вам угодно", "На меня можно рассчитывать", "Я с вами не хочу иметь дела" и т.п. (Зиновьев 1). A social action...is an action [of an individual] directed towards another individual or to other individuals....Such actions include frequent examples of the type "I am willing to do anything you want," "You can count on me," "I don't want anything to do with you," and so on (1a).3. иметь дело с чем [prep obj: usu. a noun denoting an instrument, gadget, object, or material one works with]⇒ to make use of sth.:- X имел дело с Y-ом≈ X used (dealt with, handled) Y.♦ Я никогда не имел дела с электронным микроскопом, но уверен, что научусь быстро. I've never used an electron microscope before, but I'm sure I'll learn quickly.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > иметь дело
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19 Не горазд биться, а горазд грозиться
The man can just make threats but he never dares to bring them about. See Не храбрись на медведя, а храбрись при медведе (H), Много грозит, да мало вредит (M), Собака, что лает, редко кусает (C)Cf: Bullies are always (generally) cowards (Br.). A bully is always a coward (Am., Br.). The dog without teeth barks the most (Am.). Не threatens who is afraid (Am.). It is one thing to flourish and another to fight (Br.). То flourish is one thing, to fight another (Am.). Those who threaten don't fight (Br.)Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > Не горазд биться, а горазд грозиться
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20 HVATA
(að), v.1) to hasten, with dat., h. för sinni, h. ferðinni, to hasten one’s journey; h. göngunni, to quicken one’s pace; h. báli, to hurry on the bonfire;2) absol., to hasten, speed (h. til skipa, h. heim).* * *að, to make speed, hasten with a thing, with dat.; hvata för sinni, h. ferðinni, to hasten one’s journey, 655 iii. 3, Fms. iv. 144; hvata göngunni, to quicken one’s pace, Edda 7; h. þessu, Lv. 20; h. báli, make speed with the bale-fire, Fms. x. 379: absol. to hasten, speed, hann eggjar at menn skulu hvata, Fær. 262; hvata til skipa, Eg. 357; hvata heim, Ísl. ii. 387; h. í brott, Rd. 16: with prep., hvata at e-u, to make haste with a thing, Hkr. i. 103.II. also spelt hvota, Band, and Thom. 1. c., cp. hóta (II): to stretch forth with, with dat.; hvata hnefa at e-m, to threaten a person with the fist, but without striking, Grág. ii. 14; hvota skálm at e-m, Band, (in a verse); hvotandi sverðinu ofan í toman hausinn, Thom. 442: in mod. usage ota.
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